Personality Flashcards
Define personality
A persons unique pattern of traits (guilford 1959)
Define personality in a sporting context
the sum of those characteristics that make a person unique. The study helps us work better with students, athletes and exercise. (Weinberg and Gould 2003)
What are the four common characteristics of personality
Identity
Individualism
Internal determination
Integrated self
What is black box syndrome
Categorising types of feelings and emotions to target people quicker
What are the three layers in Hollanders model of personality
Psychological course
Typical responses
Role related behavior
What is the psychological Core (hollander)
Real you
Stays the same the matter what your intentions
Develops from childhood is internally driven hard to change
made up of beliefs and attitudes learned and formed but consistent
What is the typical response layer
The personality most people see
Do usual manner in which we respond to the environment
Made up of learned behaviour to deal with the environment (defence mechanism)
Good indicator of psychological core
What is the role related behaviour layer
Superficial
Moulds or personality to fit our perception of the environment
Actions are based on what you perceive the situation to be
Externally driven behaviour easy to change
What are the uses of Hollanders approach
It shows the continuum from internally to externally driven behaviours
Coaches effective this increases with understanding
Athlete helps to understand teammates motivation and actions
What is this psychodemic theory ?
Developed by Freud 1933
Based on self analysis, observation is of neurotics
Supports tripartite structure of personality
What is the tripartite structure of personality
Id, ego, superego
What is the id
It is the unconscious instinctual core demands instant gratification
It is all inherited, it doesn’t change throughout life
Operates on pleasure principle
What is ego
The part of the id that is modified by direct influences of the external world
Decision-making component of personality
Operates according to reality principle
No concept of right or wrong just logic
What is super ego
Incorporates values and morals learn from parents and others
Developed at age 3 to 5 during phallic stage of psychosexual development
Controls id’s impulses which society forbids
persuade ego to turn to moralistic goals
What is the social learning theory
Developed by Hull 1943
Personality is not stable but built out of experience
Use animal research
Human behaviour is a function of social learning. You behave accordingly to how you’ve learnt through
Modelling. Social reinforcement.
What is modelling
Imitative behaviour learn through observation
What is social reinforcement
Rewarded behaviours are likely to be repeated
What is the humanistic theory
Abraham Maslow 1934
Human nature is inherently healthy and constructive
Humans possess a drive to self enhance
What are the two types of needs Maslow identifies
Deficiency needs: result of a lacking some type of necessary object
Growth needs: can only be satisfied after deficiency needs are met
What are Maslows six hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs Safety needs Belonging and love needs Esteem needs Cognitive needs Realisation of potential
What is trait theory
Developed by Eysenck
Personality can be described through a number of traits we all have to varying degrees
What are the two ways in which traits can be grouped
The extrovert introvert dimension
The stable neurotic dimension
What is the RAS
Reticula activating system. Filters the useful information from senses
What are extrovert traits
Biological bases: RAS decreases incoming information
Individuals seek additional stimulation in order to maintain a level of activation
Characteristics Gets bored quickly Less responsive to pain Seek excitement Poor concentration
Introvert
Bio bases
Characteristics
RAS amplifies incoming information
Individual prefers low levels of stimulation to avoid excess activation
Doesn’t seek excitement
Prefers calm
Dislikes unexpected
Good concentration
What are stable traits
Bio bases
Characteristics
ANS is fairly slow to respond to stress, not very vigorous
Characteristics
Even tempered
Emotionally stable
Easy-going
What are neurotic traits
Bio basis
Characteristics
ANS responds rapidly and strongly to stressful indicators
Restless, excitable, anxious
What are the features of dominance profile
Love a challenge
Perform better with a clear goal
Lose interest easily
Say what they think/direct/blunt
Can override others: power
What are the features of influence profile
See good in any situation Willing to help others Can lose sight of bigger goal Act on emotional impulse Phone well when things are going well
Persuasive/motivators
Don’t like conflict so are inconsistent talkers
What are the features of steadiness profile
Go with the flow
Easy going and relaxed
Like to work in small groups
Don’t like conflict, like security
Coordinate things well/passive
Hold a grudge
Listeners
What are the features of compliance profile
Adoptable to any situation
Always try their best
Slow to make decisions
Like to follow procedures
Thinkers/systematic
Can be slow to do things
What are the advantages of disc profiling
Quick, measurable, understanding of others, visual
What are the disadvantages of disc profiling
Self fulfilling bias
No detail
Participant bias
Situational factors not considered for example mood, sport
