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Psychology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system do? what is it made up of?

A

made up of highly specialized cells; produce and conduct electrical messages (nerve impulses)
connects individual with their internal and external world

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2
Q

What is the function of a neuron?

A

transmits neural impulses to muscle, glands and other neurons

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3
Q

what are the three types of neuron?

A

sensory
motor
interneuron

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4
Q

Interneuron

A

takes a bipolar structure.
receives signals from sensory neurons and sends impulses to other interneurons or motor neurons.
Only found in brain, eyes, spinal cord

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5
Q

Sensory neuron

A

takes a unipolar structure

transmits impulses from receptors to the nervous sytsem

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6
Q

Motor neurons

A

takes a multipolar structure

carry outgoing signals for movement

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7
Q

what are the components of the neuron?

A 
cell body/soma
dendrites
axon
myelin
synaptic terminals
synapse
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8
Q

what is the soma?

A

Large egg shaped structure, provides fuel, manufacture chemicals, maintains

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9
Q

what are dendrites?

A

Project from the cell body in branch structure

receive neural impulses from adjacent neurons

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10
Q

what is an axon?

A

Slender tube that extends from the soma
transmits messages to other neurons
can be meters long
can be myelin coated to speed up transmission

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11
Q

what are myelin coated neurons

A 
neurons that have fat coated axons
peripheral nerves (sensory and motor)
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12
Q

What is a synaptic terminal?

A

small swellings at the end of the branched axon

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13
Q

what is a synapse?

A

the gap from one neuron to another

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14
Q

what are nerves?

A

a bundle of elongated axons belonging to thousands of neurons

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15
Q

what is a ganglion?

A

cell bodies outside of the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

what is a nucleus?

A

cell bodies of the brain and spinal cord

17
Q

what is Action potential

A

information that travel along neuron activating sodium and potassium channels allowing movement of ions in and out

18
Q

what are ion channels?

A

chemical gates on the axon membrane that open to allow electronically charged particles to enter

19
Q

what are ion pumps?

A

protein structures that maintain even distribution of ions across the cell.
positive on outside
negative on inside

20
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

more than 70 different chemicals produces by neurons that have different effect on different receptors. primary way messages are transmitted throughout NS

21
Q

what effects can exercise have on the nervous system?

A

can effect sleep, mood, pain perception

22
Q

what is the central nervous system?

A

Made up of the brain, brainstem and spinal cord
command post of the body
senses, processes, stores and responds to info
regulates and integrates bodily functions

23
Q

what does the spinal cord do?

A

receives and transmits neurons from the brain to the periphery and vice versa
Afferent signals travel via dorsal horn
efferent signals travel via ventral horn

24
Q

What is an efferent signal?

what is an afferent signal

A 
efferent= motor
afferent= sensory
25
Q

what is the brainstem?

A

located at the top of spinal column
regulates life support systems, effects behavior and mood
consists of medulla, pons, midbrain

26
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system?

A

all neurons outside of CNS
nerves that extend from spinal cord
carry messages to and from muscle glandes and sensory organs.
consists of: somatic, autonomatic

27
Q

what is the somatic part of the PNS?

A

regulates voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

nerves contain afferent and efferent signals that connect to sensory receptors and muscles

28
Q

what is the autonomic system?

A

Controls survival functions, involuntary muscles
contains sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
eletronic NS

29
Q

what is the sympathetic system

A

Involved in arousal and energy expenditure
triggered by threats
increases: HR, blood flow, blood sugar, adrenaline, slows digestion

30
Q

What is the parasympathetic system?

A

Reverses sympathetic effects
maintains the body to a calmer state
conserves energy regulates elimination of waste products
slows HR, stimulates digestion

31
Q

What is central fatigue?

A

A form of impairment that effects the NS

brain becomes unable to send enough signals impairing performance

32
Q

what causes central fatigue?

A

the brain overheating

33
Q

what is the process of heat entering or leaving the brain?

A

Cerebral perfusion

Psychology (7 decks)

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