Personality Flashcards
Personality
characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is unique to each individual, and remains relatively consistent over time and situations
Ideographic Appraoch
creating detailed descriptions of a specific person’s unique personality characteristics
-i.e. trying to understand why your cousin is so weird,
Nomothetic Approach
examines personality in large groups of people, with the aim of making generalizations about personality structure
i.e. how alcohol affects personality
Personality Trait
person’s habitual patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving i.e. introverted
Barnum Effect
people believe that a personality profile describes them well even if it doesn’t (everyone given the same personality profile… everyone agrees with it)
Factor Analysis
group items that people respond to similarly
i.e. friendly, warm, kind grouped in the same cluster (factor)
Five Factor Model
-Trait based theory of personality based on the finding of personality can be described using 5 major dimensions
Opennness, Conscientiousness, Extravertism, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Openness
high- open to new ideas, opinions, perspectives, appreciate complexity
-low- prefer convention, simplicity, don’t like learning new things
Conscientiousness
high- organized, self displicined, dependable
-low- easy going, fun disorganized
Extraverts
high- socializers, love company of others, energetic, assertive - low- quiet, cautious, reserved
Agreeableness
high- easy to like, kind, compassionate, helpful, want to get along with everyone, want to please others
-low- put themselves first
Neuroticism
high- experience negative emotions, strong reactions to stress, can’t relax
- low- secure, confident, resilient to stress, good at managing emotions
HEXACO Model of Personality
6 factor theory that replicates 5 factors of five factor model and adds one additional factor: Honesty-Humility
Honest-Humility
high-sincere, honest, faithful, modest
- low- deceitful, greedy, violent, selfish, manipulative
Dark Triad
Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcism are 3 traits that describe a person who is socially destructive, aggressive, dishonest, and likely to cause harm
Machiavillianism
tendency to use people and to be manipulate
-lack respect for others
Psychopathy
tendency to have shallow emotional responses
- show little empathy, thrilled by conflict, control, harming others
Narcissism
preoccupation with self image, focus on self importance
-always put themselves first
Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)
tendency to obey orders, support aggression against those who differ/ disagree with established social order, believe strongly in maintaining existing social order
Temperaments
- Genes have some influence over personality
- Infants are born with different temperaments, temperaments strongly predictive of behaviour and personality later in life
Well Adjusted Temperament
capable of self control, confident, not overly upset by new people
Under-Controlled Temperament
impulsive, restless, distractible, emotionally volatile
-more likely to engage in externalizing behaviour (bulying, lying) and internalizing behaviour (crying easily, worrying), relationship difficulties
Inhibited Temperament
socially uncomfortable, fearful, easily upset by strangers
- more likely to engage in internalizing behaviour
States
- Temprorary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour
i. e. lashing out because waiter brought wrong food - Includes locations, associations (being with friends, alone…etc), activities (i.e. studying), subjective states (i.e. mad, sick, drunk)
