Personality Flashcards
Define personality
The individualised blend of characteristics that make a person unique
Give the three sub-units forming personality (Hollander)
Psychological Core
Typical Response
Role-Related Behaviour
Describe the psychological core (Hollander)
The deepest attitudes, values, interests, motives and self-worth of the person
Describe the typical response (Hollander)
The way one normally adjusts or responds to the environment
Describe role related behaviours (Hollander)
How one acts in a particular social situation. This is the most changeable as the changes are relevant to the environment
Name the 5 approaches to personality
- Psychodynamic approach
- Trait approach
- Situational approach
- Interactional approach
- Phenomenological approach
Describe briefly the psychodynamic approach
Behaviour is determined by several unconscious, constantly changing factors:
Instinctive drives, Superego and Ego.
The emphasis is placed on understanding the person as a whole, compared to isolated traits.
Give a disadvantage of the psychodynamic approach
There is little consideration for the environment. Not all behaviours are under conscious control.
Describe briefly the trait approach
People are born with specific characteristics or traits which determine how they behave. Traits are innate and enduring, and predispose them to act in a certain way.
Which test did Cattell invent which is used to measure intrinsic traits
16PF
Give the 5 sections of the Big 5 Model
- Neuroticism/ Stability
- Extroversion/ Introversion
- Openness to Experience
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
Which two of the Big 5 Model positively correlate with physical activity levels in the general population
Extroversion and Conscientiousness
Define perfectionism
Multidimensional construct consisting of various components such as setting high standards, concern over mistakes and organisation
What is the negative type of perfectionism
Maladaptive
What is the positive type of perfectionism
Adaptive
Describe the situational approach
This suggests that all behaviours are triggered by interaction and experiences with the environment
What are the two things the situational approach utilises
Observational learning
Positive reinforcement
Describe briefly the interactional approach
The core of the personality predisposes them to behave in certain ways, and can be easily affected by the environment. It is a mixture of the trait and situation.
Describe briefly the phenomenological approach
Behaviour is determined by accounting for situational and personal characteristics.
It is a person’s understanding and interpretation of one’s self and environment which are critical.
State 3 methods you can use to measure personality
Trait sports confidence inventory
State sports confidence inventory
Situation specific measures
Sport specific measures
What is the purpose of the trait sports confidence inventory
Identifies how you typically feel
What is the purpose of the state sports confidence inventory
Identifies how you feel right now
What is the purpose of situation specific measures
They predict behaviour more reliably
Why are sport specific measures better than situational ones?
More reliable and valid measures of personality traits and states for athletes.
Give the three types of test under the sport specific category
- Sport competition anxiety test
- Competitive state anxiety inventory-2
- Trait/state confidence inventory
Who came up with the Mental Health Model?
Morgan
What does Morgan’s mental health model show?
Athletes have ‘better’ qualities than the average population.
Specifically,
lower tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion. They have significantly higher vigour.
What is the purpose of the Athletes Coping Skills Inventory
Gives an overall score of an athlete’s psychological skills
Give 3 examples of athletes psychological skills (ACSI)
- Coping with adversity
- Peaking under pressure
- Goal setting
- Concentration
- Freedom from worry
- Confidence
- Coachability
