Addiction and Unhealthy Behaviours Flashcards
Define 3 characteristics of anorexia nervosa
- Fear of becoming obese
- Disturbed body image
- A refusal to maintain normal body weight
- Amenorrhea (not criteria anymore)
- Starvation
Give 4 problems can starvation cause
o Potentially fatal o Low blood pressure o CVD o Concentration problems o Anaemia o Kidney failure
Define 3 characteristics of bulimia
- Awareness of the pattern being abnormal
- Depressed mood and self-deprecation
- Fear of being unable to stop eating/Lack of control
- Persistent over-concern with body shape and weight
- Guilt or eating alone
What is the prevalence of eating disorders in sport (1988 survey)
- Surveyed 695 athletes
- 3% met criteria for anorexia
- 21% met criteria for bulimia
Give 4 predisposing factors for eating disorders in sport
Weight restrictions and standards- weight dependent sports Judging criteria- aesthetic sports Performance demands Pre Coach-applied pressure Peer pressure
Give 3 high risk sports for eating disorders
Swimming Running (track & field and cross country) Gymnastics Diving Synchronised Swimming Wrestling Judo Lightweight Rowing
Why might athletes suffer from an eating disorder?
- Required for performance excellence
- Required to reach aesthetic ideals of beauty
- Remark by a member of athletic staff concerning need to lose weight
- Required to meet a lower weight category
How might we test someone for an eating disorder
- Questionnaires:
Diagnostic Survey for Eating Disorders-Revised (DSED: Johnson & Pure, 1986)
Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI: Garner et al., 1983)
SCOFF (Morgan, 1999) - Medical assessment:
- Behavioural observation
Give 5 symptoms of an eating disorder
Sores or callouses on knuckles Headaches, dizziness, or weakness Weight too low Weight loss/change Hypoglycaemia Stress fractures Eating alone Disappearance after meals Guilt about eating Changes in mood Body distortion statements- claims of fatness Frequent weighing
How would you make a referral for someone suffering from an eating disorder
The referral should be made by someone who has a good rapport with the individual
Emphasize feelings rather than directly focusing on eating behaviours
Be supportive and ensure confidentially
Make a referral to a specific clinic
What are the 5 types of therapy which can be used to treat eating disorders
Individual Group Family Inpatient Psychoactive medication
How could you prevent an eating disorder
De-emphasise body weight Provide nutritional education Focus on fitness, not body weight Promote sensitivity to weight issues Promote healthy management of weight
Define substance abuse
A maladaptive pattern of psychoactive substance
Give the 2 defining characteristics of substance abuse
- continued use despite side-effects
- use in hazardous situations (driving etc)
Define drug addiction
A state where both discontinuing or continuous use of a drug creates an overwhelming desire, need, and craving for more of the substance
Give 4 symptoms of drug addiction
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal symptoms
- Limited control
- Negative consequences
- Neglected/postponed activities
- Significant time or energy spent trying to obtain the substance
- Desire to cut down
What at the 5 categories of performance enhancing drugs
Anabolic steroids Stimulants Narcotic analgesics Beta-blockers Diuretics
Give 3 reasons athletes may take drugs in sport
- Improving athletic performance (48%)
- To look better (28%)
- To prevent injuries (10%)
- Social reasons (6%)
- Other reasons (8%)
Give 3 physical symptoms of drug abuse
Bloodshot eyes
Dark circles under eyes
Profuse sweating
Heightened sensitivity to touch, smell, and sound
Chronic fatigue
Trouble maintaining normal body temperature
Give 3 Behavioural signs of drug abuse
Unusually secretive behaviour Social isolation or new circle of friends High-risk taking behaviour Irresponsible Increased tardiness Lack of money Argumentative
Give 3 emotional signs of drug abuse
Extreme mood swings Irritability Less affectionate Highly reactive Heightened aggression Recurrent depressive episodes
Give 3 cognitive signs of drug abuse
Decreased mental capacities Disordered thinking Paranoia Denial of problems Superman complex Shortened attention span Thoughts of suicide
Give 4 ways we can try and control drug use
Provide education
Provide Social Support
Build Self-Confidence and Self-Esteem
Professional counselling
Promotion of the perception of meaningful team role
Teach sport skills
Avoid boredom
Develop and implement drugs policy and plan of action
Have continuous and random drugs testing programme
Use behavioural contracting
Give 3 effects of stimulants
- reduced fatigue
- increased alertness
- increased endurance
- increased aggression
- anxiety
- insomnia
- dehydration
- death
Give 3 effects of narcotic analgesics
- reduced pain
- drowsiness
- constipation
- fear and anxiety
- dependence
- dry mouth
- itchiness
Give 3 effects of anabolic steroids
- increased strength
- increased endurance
- improved mental attitude
- increased recovery rates
- liver disease
- heart disease
- infertility
- increased testosterone
Give 3 effects of beta blockers
- steadied nerves
- lower BP and HR
- light-headedness
- nausea
- cramps
Give 3 effects of directics
- temporary weight loss
- kidney problems
- muscle spasms
- CVD
- Dizziness
- Stomach problems
- Blood disorders
Give 3 effects of peptide hormones
- Increased strength
- CVD
- Shortened lifespan
- Increased growth of organs
- menstrual problems
Describe the sports deterrence model of drug abuse
costs: legal sanctions social sanctions self-impaired sanctions health concerns
Give 2 factors are the individual’s perceived cost-benefit analysis affected by
- prevalence perceptions
- experience
- professional status
- perception of authority legitimacy
- type of drug
Give 3 ways you could prevent substance abuse
- social support
- education
- cheating/unfair
- setting a good example
- teaching coping skills
- feedback programs
Define addiction to exercise
A psychological/physiological dependence on a regular regime of exercise, including withdrawal symptoms
Give 3 symptoms of exercise dependency
- stereotyped pattern of exercise, once or more daily
- Increased priority over other activities
- Increased tolerance to the amount of exercise performed
- Withdrawal symptoms following cessation of exercise
- awareness of their compulsion
- Rapid reinstatement of exercise pattern following period of abstinence
Give 2 withdrawal symptoms
- tension
- restlessness
- Irritability
- Depression
- Interpersonal problems
- feelings of guilt
Give 3 ways to prevent exercise dependency
-schedule rest days workout regularly with a slower partner -stop if injured until healed -train hard-easy -set realistic goals
Give 2 signs of compulsive gambling
- boastfulness
- unbounded optimism
- arrogance
- extreme competitiveness
Describe the Trans-theoretical model of behaviour changing
stage based approach: self efficacy, decisional balance, process of change lead to a stage of contemplation: -precontemplation -contemplation -preparation -action -maintenance
