Athletic Injuries

Question 1

Give 3 reasons for the occurrence of injury in sport

Answer 1

• Competition
• High Speed/Confined Area
• Physical contact
• Illegal contact
• Psychological factors

Question 2

Name the middle three sections of the Stress and Injury Model

Answer 2

Perception of threat (of situation)
Stress Response
Attention or Distraction

Question 3

Name the top three sections of the Stress and Injury Model

Answer 3

Personality
History of Stressors
Coping Resources

Question 4

What can be used to intervene in the Stress and Injury Model

Answer 4

PST’s

Question 5

What are 3 direct mechanisms of the stress and injury relationship

Answer 5

Increased muscle tension
Attentional Disruption
Narrowing of peripheral vision

Question 6

What are the 5 stages of the grief model (in order)

Answer 6

Denial
Anger 
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 7

Explain the categories of Responses Theory (recovery from injury)

Answer 7

1. Injury- relevant information processing
2. Emotional upheaval and reactive behaviour
3. Positive outlook and coping

Question 8

What are some psychological responses to injury

Answer 8

Identity loss
Fear, anxiety, depression
Lack of confidence
Performance decrements

Question 9

Give 4 signs of poor adjustment to injury

Answer 9

Anger or confusion
Obsession of when they can return to play
•	Denial
•	Coming back too soon
•	Exaggerating accomplishments
•	Dwelling on minor physical complaints
•	Withdrawal
•	Mood swings
•	Loss of hope

Question 10

What are the three phases in the phases of injury model

Answer 10

Injury
Rehabilitation
Return to Action

Question 11

Describe the injury phase in the phases of injury model

Answer 11

Help the athlete deal with the emotional upheaval that accompanies the onset of injury

Question 12

Describe the rehabilitation phase in the phases of injury model

Answer 12

Help athletes to sustain motivation and adherence to the rehab programme

Question 13

Describe the return to action phase in the phases of injury model

Answer 13

Full recovery is not complete until the athlete can return to normal functioning

Question 14

Give 3 positive sides of injury

Answer 14

 Personal growth
 Psychological based performance enhancement
 Physical and technical development
 Improve additional skills

Question 15

Give 2 key PST skills to use in Rehab phase of injury recovery

Answer 15

Imagery
Self Talk
Relaxation Goal Setting

Question 16

Compliance to injury rehab depends on what?

Answer 16

Personal and situational factors

Question 17

Describe the theory of planned behaviour

Answer 17

Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control lead to intentions which then lead to a behaviour

Question 18

Define an intention

Answer 18

A concious plan to go and do something

Question 19

Define an attitude

Answer 19

Evaluation of the behaviour, either good or bad

Question 20

What are the three ways we can change attitudes

Answer 20

 Communication
 Education
 Modelling

Question 21

Describe self-determination theory

Answer 21

They experience freedom and do what’s important to them.

Question 22

Describe intrinsic motivation

Answer 22

Doing something for its own sake
Enjoyable
Autonomy

Question 23

Describe extrinsic motivation

Answer 23

External reward
Compliance
Behaviour stops if reward is removed

Question 24

What 3 needs to we have to be motivated

Answer 24

Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness

Question 25

What are the 6 positions in the self-determination continuum

Answer 25

``` Amotivation External regulation Introjected regulation Identified regulation Integrated regulation Intrinsic motivation ```

Question 26

Describe amotivation

Answer 26

Athletes don’t care/don’t want to do a behaviour. Believe ability is low and lots of effort is required. Sense of helplessness. Don’t value rehab.

Question 27

Describe external regulation

Answer 27

Reward and Punishment Compliance with others If they must, they will

Question 28

Describe introjected regulation

Answer 28

Internal rewards and punishment Avoid negative feelings e.g. guilt Approval from others

Question 29

Describe identified regulation

Answer 29

Personal importance/valued outcome

Question 30

Describe integrated regulation

Answer 30

Synthesis with self | Doing a behaviour because they identify with it e.g. run as runner

Question 31

Describe intrinsic motivation

Answer 31

Sense of accomplishment, enjoyment and satisfaction. Interest in performing the behaviours.

Question 32

Describe social cognitive theory

Answer 32

``` Self efficacy leads to: outcome expectations goals/intentions socio-cultural factors which cause behaviour ```

Question 33

What are the 3 types of outcome expectations (from social cognitive theory)

Answer 33

physical outcomes social outcomes self-evaluative outcomes

Question 34

Describe self-efficacy

Answer 34

Situation specific self-confidence to perform a specific task / overcome specific barriers.

Question 35

Give 3 antecedents of self-efficacy

Answer 35

Mastery experience Vicarious experience Verbal persuasion Emotional arousal

Question 36

What do 'at risk' athletes have in common (injury)

Answer 36

high trait anxiety high life stress low coping skills low social support

Question 37

How to help an 'at risk' athlete who is injured

Answer 37

build a rapport educate them about the recovery process Teach specific psychological coping skills foster social support