Personality

Question 1

McCrae and Costa (1999)

Answer 1

Believed that there were 5 dimensions of personality
- Openness (to experience)
- Conscientiousness
- Extroversion
- Agreeable
- Neuroticism
The theory tries to explain and describe possible combinations of characteristics and how they predict behaviour
The personality test used is the NEO PI-R
–> Neurotism, extroversion, openness, personality inventory

Question 2

McCrae and Costa (1999)

STRENGTHS

Answer 2

• Empirically tested and scientifically validated
• Foundation for the development of valid and reliable personality assessment devices which can be used for a variety of purposes

Question 3

McCrae and Costa (1999)

LIMITATIONS

Answer 3

• NEO PI-R traits don’t remain stable over our life time

- the Big Five model could be insufficient in describing personality

Question 4

Humanism

Answer 4

A psychological perspective that emphasises the study of the whole person
Looks at human behaviour through the eyes of the observer and the eyes of the person doing the behaviour
Each person seeks to grow psychologically and continuously enhance themselves
–> Self-actualisation: psychological growth, fulfilment and satisfaction in life

Question 5

Carl Rogers

Answer 5

Believed that each of us contains within ourselves an enormous potential to grow and develop for the rest of our lives, unless something in the environment prevents this from happening
Can be overcome with support and guidance
3 factors must be considered
1) the way others treat them (accepted/rejected)
2) how they view themselves (self-concept_
3) how effectively they deal with negative influences in their life that cause them anxiety or conflict

Question 6

Carl Rogers

SELF-CONCEPT

Answer 6

All the perceptions and beliefs a person has about themselves including their nature, unique qualities and typical behaviour

Question 7

Carl Rogers

SELF-IMAGE, IDEAL SELF AND TRUE SELF

Answer 7

A well-adjusted, happy person is someone whose self-image, ideal self and true self all match
–> Self-image: the person you think you are
–> Ideal self: the person you want to be
–> True self: the person you actually are
When these 3 are different it can cause anxiety and unhappiness

Question 8

Abraham Maslow

Answer 8

Interested in human potential and how we fulfil that potential
He said we have stages of needs that we are motivated to meet
Only 1 in 100 people become fully self-actualised because our society rewards motivation is primarily based on esteem, love and other social needs

Question 9

Abraham Maslow

5 STAGE MODEL

Answer 9

1) Biological and Physiological
2) Safety
3) Love and Belonging
4) Esteem
5) Cognitive
6) Aesthetic
7) Self-actualisation
8) Transcendence