Cognition

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

A collection of complex interconnected and interacting systems, each of which serves a different purpose, operates very differently and is represented in the brain by different neural structures and mechanisms

Question 2

Memory:

ENCODING

Answer 2

Process of converting information from its raw sensory data into a usable form so it can be represented and stored in memory

Question 3

Memory:

STORAGE

Answer 3

Retention of information in memory over time. Referred to as memories

Question 4

Memory:

RETRIEVAL

Answer 4

Process of locating and recovering the stored information from memory so that we are consciously aware of it.
Sometimes retrieved fast
    e.g. name or birthday
Sometimes retrieved slower
    e.g. information learned years ago

Question 5

Multi-store Model of Memory

Answer 5

An explanation of how the memory process works
Consists of 3 separate components
    - sensory memory
    - short-term memory (STM)
    - long-term memory (LTM)

Question 6

Multi-store Model of Memory:

SENSORY MEMORY

Answer 6

• Believed that sensory data is held in raw form rather than encoded form
• Stores it long enough for each impression to slightly overlap
• If the sensory information is not attended to then no further processing occurs
• Incoming sensory information is assumed to be stored in separate sensory systems called sensory registers
  > Iconic Memory
  > Echoic Memory

Question 7

Multi-store Model of Memory:

ICONIC MEMORY

Answer 7

Visual sensory register

Question 8

Multi-store Model of Memory:

ECHOIC MEMORY

Answer 8

Auditory sensory register

Question 9

Multi-store Model of Memory:

SHORT-TERM MEMORY

Answer 9

• STM holds all the information you are consciously aware of at any moment
• Storage capacity of 5-9 units
• Information lost through decay and displacement

Question 10

Multi-store Model of Memory:

LONG-TERM MEMORY

Answer 10

• Stores vast amounts of information from 30 seconds to forever
• Can naturally fade
• Information moves from STM to LTM through physical changes in the neurons and neural networks

Question 11

Procedural Memory

Answer 11

Long-term memory of actions and sills (knowing how) that have been learned previously
e.g. brushing your teeth, tying shoelaces, driving

Question 12

Declarative Memory

Answer 12

Long-term memory of specific facts and events most of which can be stated or declared. Stores memory of ‘knowing that’
e.g. recalling an event, knowing when, knowing where