Personality Flashcards
Define personality
Personality is the sum total of the individual’s characteristics which make them unique
What are the 3 levels of personality that Hollander suggested
Psychological core
Typical response
Role related behaviour
What is the Psychological core?
The inner core of your personality, ‘the real you’
What are the typical responses in Hollanders model?
The usual response to a situation that is often learned
What are the role related behaviours of Hollanders model?
It refers to behaviours at any given time depending on the specific circumstances and our perception.
What are Eysenck’s personality dimensions?
Extrovert-Introvert dimension
Stable-Neurotic dimension
Give some characteristics of an extrovert
Sociable, outgoing, talkative active and optimistic
Give some characteristics of a person who is neurotic
Moody, anxious, touchy, restless, aggressive
What was the 3rd dimension that Eysenck added to his personality dimensions?
Psychoticism - intelligence
What are the criticism of a trait theory?
Too simplistic
They don’t account for personality changing over time
Don’t fully account for situational factors
Not an accurate predictor of sport preference
Limited value as a predictor of success
What is an Interactionist theory
Theories that propose personality is a mixture of inherited traits and a persons current situation
What is the equation put forward by Lewin for personality
B=f(PE)
where B=Behaviour, f=function, P=Personality
E=Environment
What external factors can alter behaviour
A crowd or significant other
A derby match or similar rivalry
Final outcome
What are the criticisms of self report questionnaires to measure personality?
no agreed definition of personality
results vary when the tests are repeated
participants response vary dependent on mood
socially acceptable answers given
participants may not fully understand the questions
answers may not be too limited
ethics of personality testing have been questioned
Profile of Mood states (POMS) measures 6 mood states what are they?
tension depression anger vigour fatigue confusion
The iceberg mood profile states that which mood state should be high?
Vigour
What are the two types of achievement motivation?
Need to achieve n.Ach
Need to avoid failure n.AF
What are the characteristics that Need to achieve (n.Ach) performers show?
Pride from competing Perseverance Quick completion of task Welcome feedback Optimism Confidence They attribute performance
What are the characteristics that Need to avoid failure (n.AF) performers show?
Worry about failure
Avoid 50-50 situations
Choose tasks that are very easy or very hard
Dislike personal feedback
Attribute performance to external factors
Give up easily
(n.Ach) need to achieve performers will often have what type of behaviour?
Approach behaviour
What is avoidance behaviour?
The performer is motivated to protect their self esteem and may not place them self in a situation where they can be evaluated
How can approach behaviour be developed
Providing positive childhood experiences Reducing punishment Gradually increasing task difficulty Catering for all levels of ability Raising levels of self efficacy Using attributions correctly
