Personality

Question 1

Define personality

Answer 1

Personality is the sum total of the individual’s characteristics which make them unique

Question 2

What are the 3 levels of personality that Hollander suggested

Answer 2

Psychological core
Typical response
Role related behaviour

Question 3

What is the Psychological core?

Answer 3

The inner core of your personality, ‘the real you’

Question 4

What are the typical responses in Hollanders model?

Answer 4

The usual response to a situation that is often learned

Question 5

What are the role related behaviours of Hollanders model?

Answer 5

It refers to behaviours at any given time depending on the specific circumstances and our perception.

Question 6

What are Eysenck’s personality dimensions?

Answer 6

Extrovert-Introvert dimension

Stable-Neurotic dimension

Question 7

Give some characteristics of an extrovert

Answer 7

Sociable, outgoing, talkative active and optimistic

Question 8

Give some characteristics of a person who is neurotic

Answer 8

Moody, anxious, touchy, restless, aggressive

Question 9

What was the 3rd dimension that Eysenck added to his personality dimensions?

Answer 9

Psychoticism - intelligence

Question 10

What are the criticism of a trait theory?

Answer 10

Too simplistic
They don’t account for personality changing over time
Don’t fully account for situational factors
Not an accurate predictor of sport preference
Limited value as a predictor of success

Question 11

What is an Interactionist theory

Answer 11

Theories that propose personality is a mixture of inherited traits and a persons current situation

Question 12

What is the equation put forward by Lewin for personality

Answer 12

B=f(PE)
where B=Behaviour, f=function, P=Personality
E=Environment

Question 13

What external factors can alter behaviour

Answer 13

A crowd or significant other
A derby match or similar rivalry
Final outcome

Question 14

What are the criticisms of self report questionnaires to measure personality?

Answer 14

no agreed definition of personality
results vary when the tests are repeated
participants response vary dependent on mood
socially acceptable answers given
participants may not fully understand the questions
answers may not be too limited
ethics of personality testing have been questioned

Question 15

Profile of Mood states (POMS) measures 6 mood states what are they?

Answer 15

tension 
depression
anger
vigour 
fatigue 
confusion

Question 16

The iceberg mood profile states that which mood state should be high?

Answer 16

Vigour

Question 17

What are the two types of achievement motivation?

Answer 17

Need to achieve n.Ach

Need to avoid failure n.AF

Question 18

What are the characteristics that Need to achieve (n.Ach) performers show?

Answer 18

Pride from competing 
Perseverance 
Quick completion of task
Welcome feedback
Optimism
Confidence
They attribute performance

Question 19

What are the characteristics that Need to avoid failure (n.AF) performers show?

Answer 19

Worry about failure
Avoid 50-50 situations
Choose tasks that are very easy or very hard
Dislike personal feedback
Attribute performance to external factors
Give up easily

Question 20

(n.Ach) need to achieve performers will often have what type of behaviour?

Answer 20

Approach behaviour

Question 21

What is avoidance behaviour?

Answer 21

The performer is motivated to protect their self esteem and may not place them self in a situation where they can be evaluated

Question 22

How can approach behaviour be developed

Answer 22

Providing positive childhood experiences
Reducing punishment
Gradually increasing task difficulty
Catering for all levels of ability
Raising levels of self efficacy
Using attributions correctly