personality

Question 1

how do we define personality

Answer 1

the affect, behavior, cognition that characterize a person in several situations over time

Question 2

list 3 core assumptions of psychoanalytical theory: sigmund frued

Answer 2

psychic determinism, symbolic meaning, unconscious mind

Question 3

psychic determinism

Answer 3

all psychological events have a cause

Question 4

symbolic meaning

Answer 4

all actions have meaning

Question 5

unconscious mind

Answer 5

The id, the ego, the super ego

Question 6

the id

Answer 6

basic elements, unconscious, pleasure principle

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

the boss, conscious and unconscious, reality principle

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

moral standards, conscious and unconscious, morals and values.

Question 9

define ego strength

Answer 9

ability to function despite dueling forces

Question 10

define defense mechanisms

Answer 10

unconscious maneuvers intended to minimize anxiety

Question 11

repression

Answer 11

blocking threatening idea, memory or emotion from consciousness

Question 12

denial

Answer 12

refusing to admit that something unpleasant is happening

Question 13

regression

Answer 13

returning psychologically to a younger, safer time

Question 14

reaction formation

Answer 14

transforming anxiety provoking emotion into its opposite

Question 15

projection

Answer 15

attributing ones own negative qualities onto someone else

Question 16

rationalization

Answer 16

justifying unreasonable behavior or failure with a reasonable sounding explanation

Question 17

according to frued, why do we use defense mechanisms?

Answer 17

protect the ego from anxiety or distress

Question 18

in regards to freuds theory on psychosexual development, what does being fixated mean?

Answer 18

being stuck or lingering in one of psychosexual stages due to being deprived or excessively gratified

Question 19

descrjbe each of the 5 stages of psychosexual development

Answer 19

oral, anal, phallic, lantency, genital

Question 20

oral

Answer 20

birth to 12-18 months, source of pleasure sucking and drinking

Question 21

anal

Answer 21

18 months to 3 years, source of pleasure bowels, feces

Question 22

phallic

Answer 22

3 to 6 years, source of pleasure genitals

Question 23

latency

Answer 23

6-12 years, dominate sexual stage, members or opposite sex are yucky

Question 24

genital

Answer 24

12 years and older, sexual impulses are awakened

Question 25

define behavioral personality theory: bf skinner

Answer 25

differences in personality stem from our learning histories

Question 26

define reciprocal determinism according to banduras social learning theory of personality

Answer 26

personality, cognitive factors, behaviors and environment all influence each other

Question 27

define locus of control

Answer 27

refers to how strongly people believe they have control over the situations and experiences that affect their lives

Question 28

external locus of control

Answer 28

believes luck, fate have a greater influence on the outcome

Question 29

internal locus of control

Answer 29

believes their own efforts and actions have a greater influence on the outcome

Question 30

define Humanistic: Carl Rogers/Abraham Maslow

Answer 30

embraced notion of free will, where we have the ability to make our own choices that is motivated by self-actualization

Question 31

describe the major components of carl rogers humanistic theory of personality

Answer 31

organism- our innate blueprint, self- our beliefs about who we are, conditions of worth- expectations placed on self for appropriate and inappropriate behavior

Question 32

describe the major components of abraham maslows humanistic theory of personality

Answer 32

hierarchy of needs from basic to highest need and self actualization, fulfilling ones potential capabilities.