chapter 3

Question 1

What is a neuron

Answer 1

individualized nerve cells specified for communications with other neurons

Question 2

what is cell body and its function

Answer 2

manufactures new cell components and hosts nucleus

Question 3

what are dendrites and their function

Answer 3

receives info from other neurons and passes it to cell body

Question 4

what is axon and its function

Answer 4

messages travel to other neurons and releases neurotransmitters

Question 5

what is myelin sheath and its function

Answer 5

acts as an insulator and speeds neural impulses

Question 6

what is synaptic vesicle and its function

Answer 6

stores neurotransmitters and fuses with presynaptic membrane

Question 7

axon terminals and its function

Answer 7

make connections to other neurons and transmit signals

Question 8

what is the synapse and its function

Answer 8

acts as a junction where transmission of signals occur

Question 9

what do glial cells do

Answer 9

protect neurons, helps maintain homeostasis and contribute to the formation of myelin sheath

Question 10

in general, what are neurotransmitters?

Answer 10

chemical messengers that neurons use to communicate with eachother

Question 11

what happens when someone has irregular levels of dopamine

Answer 11

fatigue, low motivation, paranoia, hallucinations

Question 12

what happens when someone has too much glutamate

Answer 12

anxiety, restlessness, and cognitive difficulties

Question 13

what is neural plasticity

Answer 13

nervous system’s ability to change

Question 14

4 ways our brain changes during development

Answer 14

growth of dendrites and axons, synaptogenesis, pruning, and myelination

Question 15

CNS (central nervous system)

Answer 15

processes information and makes decisions

Question 16

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Answer 16

transmits signals to and from the body, enabling communication between cns and rest of body(nerves extend outside of cns)

Question 17

where is brocas area located

Answer 17

on the dominant side which is the left side for most

Question 18

describe cross over movement

Answer 18

having communication between both sides of the brain and body

Question 19

cerebral cortex

Answer 19

analyzes sensory information, helps perform reasoning and language

Question 20

frontal lobe

Answer 20

movement, language and memory

Question 21

parietal lobe

Answer 21

relays visuals and touch information

Question 22

temporal lobe

Answer 22

hearing

Question 23

occipital lobe

Answer 23

seeing

Question 24

basal ganglia

Answer 24

help control movement

Question 25

limbic system

Answer 25

parts of brain dedicated to emotion

Question 26

thalamus

Answer 26

sensory relay station

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

regulates bodily states

Question 28

amygdala

Answer 28

excitement, arousal, especially fear

Question 29

hippocampus

Answer 29

crucial in memory

Question 30

cerebellum

Answer 30

balance and coordination

Question 31

brain stem

Answer 31

basic bodily functions that keep us alive

Question 32

medulla

Answer 32

regulates breathing, heartbeat

Question 33

spinal cord

Answer 33

conveys information from brain to the rest of the body

Question 34

somatic nervous system

Answer 34

coordinates voluntary movement

Question 35

autonomic nervous system

Answer 35

controls involuntary actions, “fight or flight”

Question 36

corpus callosum

Answer 36

connects left and right hemispheres of the brain