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chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

how do we define developmental psychology?

A

study of how behavior changes over the lifespan

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2
Q

what are teratogens

A

any environment factor that has a negative affect on fetal development

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3
Q

what is sucking reflex

A

automatic response to suck on objects placed in mouth

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4
Q

what is rooting reflex

A

when cheek or mouth area is gently touched, the baby will turn head to stimulus and open their mouth

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5
Q

example of teratogen

A

alcohol fetal syndrome

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6
Q

define cognitive development

A

acquire the ability to learn, think, communicate, and remember

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7
Q

define equilibration

A

balance between experience of world and understanding of it

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8
Q

define assimilation

A

absorbing new experience into our current understanding

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9
Q

define accommodation

A

altering beliefs to make them compatible with experience

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10
Q

describe piagets sensorimotor stage of development (1st stage)

A

birth- 2 years, focus on here and now, immediate physical experiences, lacks object permanence

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11
Q

describe piagets preoperational stage of development (2nd stage)

A

2-7years, construct mental representations of experience, egocentrism

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12
Q

describe piagets concrete operational stage of development (3rd stage)

A

7-11 years, ability to perform mental operations but only for actual physical event, still struggle with hypothetical situations

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13
Q

describe piagets formal operations stage of development (4th stage)

A

adolescence, can develop and test hypothesis, understand logical concepts

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14
Q

describe vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development

A

social and cultural influences in learning

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15
Q

define scaffolding

A

caretakers structure environment to guide the children in learning

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16
Q

define zone of proximal development

A

phase when children are receptive to learn a new skill but are not successful at it yet

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17
Q

what is temperament? describe the three temperament styles

A

social and emotional styles
1. easy:adaptable, relaxed
2. difficult: fussy, easily frustrated
3. slow to warm up

18
Q

what is an attachment

A

emotional connection with whom we feel the closest

19
Q

what is imprinting

A

strong attachments develops a concept of its own species

20
Q

what is contact comfort

A

positive emotions afforded by touch

21
Q

mary ainsworth found 4 different styles of children which are

A

secure attachment
insecure avoidment
insecure anxious
disorganized

22
Q

secure attachment

A

children dont need care giver to do things but need them to be around

23
Q

insecure avoidant

A

children are confident being alone, dont need caregiver

24
Q

insecure anxious

A

children are very attached to caregiver and need to be with them 24/7

25
Q

disorganized

A

children dont fall perfectly into one or another attachment

26
Q

list 4 parenting styles

A

permissive
authoritarian
authoritative
uninvolved

27
Q

permissive

A

leinent, considerable amount of freedom, little discipline, shower with affection

28
Q

authoritarian

A

strict, little freedom, punishment, little affection

29
Q

authoritative

A

balance of both worlds

30
Q

uninvolved

A

pay little attention to children

31
Q

what is sex

A

biological status

32
Q

what is gender

A

psychological characteristics

33
Q

what is gender role

A

behavior typically associated with male or female

34
Q

what is gender identity

A

one’s sense of being male or female

35
Q

what is transgender

A

adopting the dress, mannerisms, gender roles of opposite sex

36
Q

what is prejudice

A

prejudge something negatively

37
Q

what is stereotype

A

positive or negative belief about a groups characteristics applied to most people of the group

38
Q

what is discrimination

A

treatment based on prejudice

39
Q

what is moral development

A

process which individuals develop the ability from right to wrong, make ethical decisions and act in accordance with moral principles

40
Q

the levels of kolhbers theory

A

pre conventional morality
conventional morality
post conventional morality

psychology (6 decks)

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