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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Consistency

A

the stability in a person’s behavior over time and across situations

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2
Q

Distinctiveness

A

the behavioral differences among people reacting to the same situation

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3
Q

What are the BIG FIVE trait theories and who developed them?

A

Openness to Experience - degree of curiosity & insight
Conscientiousness - thoughtfulness, goal-seeking
Extraversion - excitability, assertiveness
Agreeableness - Trust, altruism, kindness
Neuroticism - moodiness, emotional instability

Developed by McCrae & Costa

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4
Q

What are the 4 Perspectives on Personality

A

Psychodynamic - Frued, Jung, Adler
Behavioral - Skinner, Badura
Humanistic - Roger, Maslow
Biological - Eysencks

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5
Q

What is Frueds psychoanalytic theory?

A

our childhood experiences and unconscious desires shape our personality

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6
Q

What does Frued say about the unconscious mind

A

a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of conscious awareness

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7
Q

What are the three components of the structure of personality

Frued made this btw

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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8
Q

Id

A

primary process thinking
primal impulses
driven by the pleasure principle

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9
Q

Ego

A

Secondary process thinking
conscious controller
decision-maker

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10
Q

Superego

A

provides the moral standards

aware of what is right and wrong

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11
Q

What are the three levels of awareness

A

Consciousness
Preconscious
Unconscious

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12
Q

Consciousness

A

all things we are aware of

EX: being hungry rn

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13
Q

Preconscious

A

things we could pay conscious attention to if we wanted to

EX: remebering you have a middle name

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14
Q

Unconscious

A

things that are outside of conscious awareness, like memories

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15
Q

Unconscious conflict

A

Internal battle between the Id and Superego

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16
Q

Repression

Defense Mechanisms

A

Refusing to accept real events because they are unpleasent

EX: a traumatized soldier has no recollection of the details of a close brush with death.

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17
Q

Projection

Defense Mechanisms

A

Implying unacceptable desires to others

EX: a woman who dislikes her boss thinks she likes her boss but feels that the boss doesn’t like her.

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18
Q

Displacement

Defense Mechanisms

A

Taking out inappropriate behavior onto a less threatening target

EX: after a parental scolding, a young girl takes her anger out on her little brother.

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19
Q

Reaction Formation

Defense Mechanisms

A

Behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s true feelings

EX: a parent who unconsciously resents a child spoils the child with outlandish gifts.

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20
Q

Regression

Defense Mechanisms

A

reverting to immature patterns of behavior

EX: an adult has a temper tantrum when he doesn’t get his way.

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21
Q

Rationalization

Defense Mechanisms

A

Making certain behaviours seem okay by replacing acceptable reasons for less-acceptable real reasons

EX: A student failed their history course because they did not study or attend class, but they told their roomates that they failed because the professor doesn’t like them

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22
Q

Identification

Defense Mechanisms

A

boosting self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group

EX: an insecure young man joins a fraternity to boost his self-esteem.

23
Q

Sublimation

Defense Mechanisms

A

Redirecting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels

EX: desire for revenge for a death of a loved one is channeled into a community support group for people who have lost loved ones.

24
Q

Pleasure principle

A

the desire for immediate gratification

25
Q

Reality Principle

A

focused on the long-term and more goal-oriented gratification

26
Q

What are the five Psychosexual stages

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

27
Q

Oral

A

First year of life and pleasure is experienced through the mouth

biting, sucking, chewing

28
Q

Anal

A

seconds year of life and pleasure is experienced through their bowel movements

expulsion or retention of feces

29
Q

Phallic

A

third through fifth year and pleasure is experienced through their genitals

masturbating

30
Q

Latency

A

fifth through puberty and sexual pleasure is repressed, expanding social contacts

school, friendships, hobbies, and sports

31
Q

Genitals

A

puberty and beyond, sexual urges are resurfacing

being sexually intimate in intimate relationships

32
Q

Oedipal Complex

This is for boys aged 3-6

A

boys becoming unconsciously sexually attached to his mother and increasingly hostile toward his father.

33
Q

Electra complex

This is for girls aged 3-6

A

girls becoming unconsciously sexually attached to her father and increasingly hostile toward her mother.

34
Q

Jungs Analytical Theory

A

The unconcious consists of two layers; the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious

35
Q

Personal Unconscious

related to Frueds

A

Personal repressed memories that are outside of concious awareness

36
Q

Collective Unconscious

A

shared unconscious memory that is inherited through our ancestors

37
Q

Archetypes

A

emotionally charged images that are present in the collective unconscious and frequently show up in dreams

38
Q

Adlers Individual Psychology

A

Our personalities are shaped by a drive to adapt and improve oneself

39
Q

Striving for superiority

A

The one motivtion behind people’s behavior

40
Q

Compensation

A

developing ones ability to make up for a weakness

41
Q

What does Adler say about birth order

A

each child is differently depending on birth order and that these experiences are likely to affect their personalit

42
Q

Skinner’s idea on personality

A

Argues that childhood does not play a huge part in shaping our personality, develops over our life

43
Q

Response tendencies

Skinner

A

Personality is developed by behaviour that is learned through good or bad consequences

EX: When you tell a joke you can have a positive consequence (laughter) or a negative consequence (no laughter)

44
Q

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

A

children imitate each other because they observe the actions of others and copy them

45
Q

Self-concept

A

an individual’s knowledge of who he or she is.

46
Q

Incongruence

A

a person’s self-concept is unreasonable from reality

47
Q

Congruence

A

A person’s self-concept is reasonable from reality

48
Q

Unconditional Love

A

showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what that person says or does.

49
Q

Maslow’s theory of self actualization

A

when a person can do what they feel they are “meant” to do and be who they are “meant” to be

50
Q

Hiearchy needs

A

physiological needs
safefty and security needs
love and belongingness needs
esteem needs
cognative needs
aesthetic needs
need for self-actualization

Bottom to top

Needs at the bottom need to be satisfied before moving up the pyramid

51
Q

Eysenck’s Theory

A

Personality is shaped by your genes

52
Q

Objective personality testing

A

a personality test is taken through a self-reporting system that measures personality traits on a yes or no scale.

MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
NEO PI

53
Q

Projective personality testing

A

a personality test in which subjects are shown ambiguous images and asked to interpret them.

Rorschach
TAT - Thematic Apperception Test
Sentence Completion
HTP - House-Tree-Person

Psych (8 decks)

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