Learning Flashcards
What is Classical Conditioning and who introduced it?
A type of learning when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus which produces a response and it was introduced by Ivan Pavlov
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
something that naturally triggers an unlearned response
Unconditioned Response (UR)
an unlearned response to the stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A neutral stimulus that triggers a learned response after being paired with an unconditional stimulus
Conditioned Response (CR)
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Temporal Contiguity
The closeness in time between two events or stimuli for learning to happen
Extinction
when a learned response fades away because the reinforcement or reward for that behavior is no longer given
Spontaneous Recovery
when a response that had disappeared after extinction suddenly shows up again
Stimulus Generalization
when a response learned from one stimulus is also produced to a similar, but distinct, stimulus
Stimulus Discrimination
responding to a specific stimulus but not to similar stimuli similar to it
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning where responses are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences
Acquisition
The initial stage of learning in classical conditioning
Shaping by Successive Approximations
a method used in operant conditioning to gradually rewarding behaviors that are closer to the desired behavior
How did BF Skinner influence learning?
known for his research in operant conditioning, studying how voluntary behavior is influenced by reinforcement and punishment.
Positive Reinforcement
When a response is STRENGTHENED because it is followed by a rewarding stimulus
Negative Reinforcement
When a response is STRENGTHENED because it is followed by the REMOVAL of an unpleasant stimulus
Continuous Reinforcement
provides a reward every single time the behavior happens
Intermittent Reinforcement
provides a reward only some of the time when the behavior happens
Schedules of Reinforcement
Fixed Ratio
Reinforcement is given after a fixed number of responses
Schedules of Reinforcement
Variable Ratio
Reinforcement is given after a variable number of responses
Punishment
CONSEQUENCES that WEAKEN responses.
Albert Bandura
- created observational learning
- He studied children in order to understand how they learn from others.
BoBo Doll Studies
Students watching others be physical and violent with bobo doll and ended up being physical as well
Observational Learning
Learning by observing others
Models
individuals or characters that are observed by the learner.
