Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

Theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
treatment techniques for interpreting unconscious tensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Unconscious (according to freud)

A

unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unconscious (according to modern psych)

A

information processing that occurs without our awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Free association

A

exploring the unconscious where the patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or disturbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Id

A

unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual needs and aggressive drives,

operates on the pleasure principle, demands gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ego

A

Largely conscious “executive” part of the personality, mediates Id, superego, and reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Superego

A

Part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for false aspirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

Childhood stages of development during which the Id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on a distinct body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List Freuds psychosexual stages

A 
OAPLG (oh-a-plag)
Oral
Anal
Phalic
Latency
Genital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oedipus complex

A

Freud’s belief that a boy’s sexual desires for his mother create jealousy and a conflict with his father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Electra complex

A

Freud’s belief that a girl’s sexual desires for her father create jealousy and a conflict with her mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Identification (according to Freud)

A

The process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fixation (according to Freud)

A

A lingering of the Id’s energies locked into one of the psychosexual stages in which conflicts were unresolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Defense mechanisms =

A 
1- Repression
2- Sublimation
3- Reaction Formation
4- Denial
5- Projection
6- Rationalization
7- Displacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Repression

A

Prohibited thoughts or urges are pushed away from the conscious into the unconscious (e.g., trauma).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sublimation

A

Expressing an unacceptable urge in a socially appropriate manner (e.g., painting nudes, becoming a surgeon).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Concealing an unacceptable urge by expressing fierce opposition to that urge (e.g., Ted Haggard).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Denial

A

Refusal to acknowledge an unpleasant reality (e.g., smoking and health)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s own negative behavior to others (e.g., an unfaithful husband blaming his wife for infidelity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rationalization

A

Providing a rational explanation for behavior and concealing the true motive (e.g., “I live with my parents to save money”).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Displacement

A

Substituting the target of an unacceptable urge with a less threatening or more available target (e.g., kicking the dog).

24
Q

Neo freudians

A

students/followers of Freud who took his principles and furthered them

25
Q

Alfred Adler + Horney

A

Neo freudians who focused on childhood but from a perspective of social tensions instead of sexual

26
Q

Carl Jung

A

Neo freudian who focused on the scope of the unconscious

27
Q

Jung’s collective consciousness

A

Concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory, traces from our history as a species

28
Q

projective tests

A

Evaluating personality from an unconscious mind’s perspective would require a psychological instrument (projective tests) that would reveal the hidden unconscious mind.

29
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

30
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

The most widely used projective test uses a set of 10 inkblots and was designed by Hermann Rorschach. It seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.

31
Q

error management theory

A

Theory of death related anxiety, explores people’s emotional and behavioural responses to reminders of their impending deaths

32
Q

Humanistic theories

A

Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

33
Q

Order of the hierarchy of needs

A

Biological, safety, belongingness + love, esteem, self actualization

34
Q

Self-Actualizing Person

A

we as individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. Beginning with physiological needs, we try to reach the state of self-actualization—fulfilling our potential.

35
Q

Growth and Fulfillment

A

Carl Rogers also believed in an individual’s self-actualization tendencies. He said that Unconditional Positive Regard is an attitude of acceptance of others despite their failings.

36
Q

The Trait Perspective

A 
-	An individual’s unique constellation of durable dispositions and consistent ways of behaving (traits) constitutes his or her personality.
o	Honest
o	Dependable
o	Moody
o	Impulsive
37
Q

Trait

A

A characteristic pattern of behaviour, a disposition to feel + act in a certain way as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

38
Q

Biological impacts on traits

A

Frontal lobe area involved in inhibition is less active ins extroverts
Dopamine + related neural activity and circuitry is higher in extroverts
Temperament has hereditary component

39
Q

Factor Analysis

A
  • Cattell found that large groups of traits could be reduced down to 16 core personality traits based on statistical correlations.
40
Q

Personality Dimensions

A
  • Hans and Sybil Eysenck suggested that personality could be reduced down to two polar dimensions, extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability.
41
Q

The Big Five Factors

A 
o	Conscientiousness
o	Agreeableness
o	Neuroticism
o	Openness
o	Extraversion
42
Q

Extraversion

A

tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world

43
Q

Neuroticism

A

tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, feel distressed, and be critical of oneself and others

44
Q

Conscientiousness

A

tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering

45
Q

Openness to Experience

A

tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring and take risks

46
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

proposed by Bandura, views behaviour as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context

47
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

The interacting influences of behaviour, internal cognition, and environment

48
Q

Self serving bias

A

A readiness to perceive oneself favourably

49
Q

Narcissism

A

Excessive self love and self absorption

50
Q

Personally construct theory

A

Kelly’s personality theory presents an optimistic, even flattering, image of human nature (Kelly, 1969).
We need no push from internal drives or needs because we are motivated by the fact of being alive People perceive and organize their world of experiences the same way scientists do. We observe the events of our life and interpret them in our own way.

51
Q

cognitive styles

A

differences in how we perceive or construe the people, objects, and situations in our environment

52
Q

cognitive complexity

A

A cognitive style or way of construing the environment characterized by the ability to perceive differences among people.

53
Q

cognitive simplicity:

A

A cognitive style or way of construing the environment characterized by a relative inability to perceive differences among people.

54
Q

Machiavellianism

A

self-interest, deception, manipulation, etc….

55
Q

Psychopathy

A
  1. Primary psychopathy (selfish, callous, charm, lack of remorse)
  2. Secondary psychopathy (antisocial)
56
Q

What is id ego and superego examples?

A

The ego mediates between the id and the superego. The id is trying to get you to do things like eat cakes and not go jogging, and the superego is trying to get you to make good decisions and be an upstanding person. … And the ego operates on something that’s called the reality principle

Intro to Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions