Personality #1 (Part One) Flashcards
An enduring inner core that embodies our distinct pattern of thoughts, feelings, motives, values, and behaviors.
Personality
2. Extra. Involves motives for our thoughts and feelings. The ways in which people are distinct and different
Personality
Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Social-Cognitive, and Trait
Four major approaches to studying personality
Approach to personality. A strong belief that people are dominated by forces in the psche of which they are unaware. Conscious thoughts but personality is unconscious. At the core, we are sexual creatures.
The Psychoanalytic approach to personality
An approach to personality. Humans have a bright side to their existence, we are not controlled wholly by our drives our our environment. People move toward self-actualization. People are not controlled, they naturally move toward bettering themselves. Opposite of psychoanalytic.
The Humanistic Approach to personality
Approach to personality. we are partially controlled by our environment, but people are much more cognitive than the behavioral approach states. We can shape our behaviors and chose our actions.
The Social-Cognitive Approach to personality
Approach to personality. Individual differences in personality give rise to our thoughts feelings and behaviors.
The Trait approach to personality
Psychoanalytic approach started here. Reductionist: psy to bio to chem to physics. Practicing neurologist, medical degree from the University of Vienna
Freud
Freud’s studies with ___. Etiology and treatment of hysteria - can be cured by putting the patient under hypnosis, and make suggestions. “Post-hypnotic suggestions”
Jean Charcot
The experience of physical illness without a physical or biological use. More common in the 1800s rather than now. LeRoy. Ticks, pregnancies, blindness
Hysteria/conversion disorder
Conversion disorder can sometimes be traced to psychological trauma in the childhood. This is called___.
Etiology
Freud studied with ___. Anna O. had conversion hysteria, ___ cured it by spending three hours a day in therapy, place into hypnosis at night and repeat her hallucinations back to her. “Chimney sweep”
Josef Breuer
No luck with hypnosis. Developed “free association” where a patient lies on the couch and says whatever comes to mind, censoring nothing. The therapist explores any inconsistencies, pauses then shifts to different topics. This pause is the cause of the issue. Called _____.
Freud’s Private Practice. Psychoanalysis.
The location of the mental phenomena is in one’s mind. The personality is shaped largely by unconscious forces. Three locations. The Conscious, the Preconscious, and the Unconscious.
Freud’s Topographic Model
Freud’s Topographic Model. Material in your mind right now, things you are thinking about. Easily brought to mind, no inconsistencies or conflict with the material.
The Conscious
Freud’s Topographic Model. Material not in your mind, but that can be brought into mind reality. There is no conflict with the material. What did you have for breakfast? um…. an omelet. It is deeper in the mind, but can be brought to mind with a little bit of energy
The Preconscious
Repressed sexual and aggressive urges. The libido. The source of energy related to sex drives. This material has lots of conflic and must be repressed. It requires a great deal of energy to bring this material onto the surface. We become aware of this during dreams, therapy, and when we intentionally make our ego weak (when we are drunk or take hallucinogens)
The Unconscious
Personality develops out of conflict between impulse and restraint. We have aggressive pressure seeking urges that are a part of us, they constantly push for expression and satisfaction.
Freud’s Structural Model
Freud’s Structural Model. The largest portion of the psyche, foreign to us. A repository for our repressions. Function: immediate gratification to our sexual and aggressive drives. The pleasure seeking organ of the psyche. It is immoral and egocentric, only cares about itself
Id (the it)
Freud’s Structural Model. How we think about ourselves, our self-concept. “I am a good person” and how we describe ourselves. The task is to delay gratification as much as possible. The Reality Prinicple- the ___ is aware that we live in the external. The task is to establish dynamic equilibrium between the other two structures.
Ego (the I)
Resides on top of the ego. Represents internalized cultural norms and values. We each have a different one, formed though a process of socialization. We internalize the messages from our parents, peers, and teachers as to what is right and wrong. Critical function: to suppress our instinct to act on the pleasure principle. That was wrong, push it down!
Super-ego (the over-I)
Psychosexual development. Theory. Proposed by Freud. Personality development occurs during the first six years of our life. Our sexual drive (libido) moves around the body with each conflict. How we react to the conflicts results in different parts of our personality. After age six, our personality development is complete.
Stage theory of personality development
Freud’s stage theory. First stage, putting everything in the mouth, libido is associated with the mouth. The breast if the primary object of desire, provides food and suckle. Conflict: wearing - getting the child onto real food.
Oral stage. Birth-18mo
Freud’s stage theory. Second stage, libido associated with anus. Defecation is the primary source of sexual gratification. Critical conflict: toilet training.
Anal stage. 18mo-36mo
