Approaches to Therapy #2

Question 1

People have the capacity for change and growth. Our thoughts feelings, behaviors and patterns can change with time

Answer 1

The underlying assumption of therapy (besides behavioral).

Question 2

Different approaches to change: change is most likely to occur when we raise people’s awareness to unconscious psychological material.

Answer 2

Psychoanalysis

Question 3

Different approaches to change: positive change is most likely to occur by providing necessary and sufficient conditions for successful psychotherapy (empathy, genuine, and unconditional positive regard)

Answer 3

Humanistic

Question 4

Different approaches to change: positive change is most likely to occur by changing the environment

Answer 4

Behaviorist

Question 5

Different approaches to change: change/growth is most likely to occur by changing the cognitions. You will live a better life overall.

Answer 5

Cognitive

Question 6

Can humans help other humans change? Clients and clinicians answer the same:

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Clients: 9/10 people are satisfied with their experience after therapy. But: time is the best healer, (therapy during crisis) and you need to believe that the therapy is worthwhile

Answer 7

Can humans help other humans change?

Question 8

Clinicians: Case studies written by clinicians show that success almost guaranteed. Many clients enter extremely unhappy and leave less unhappy

Answer 8

Can humans help other humans change?

Question 9

Eysneck’s 1952 Evaluations: found that 66% of people in therapy showed improvement, but 66% of people who did not go to therapy also improved. Therapy is worthless.

Answer 9

Outcomes of Therapy research. How can we objectively measure the effectiveness of therapy?

Question 10

1980. Smith et al.’s meta-analysis: statistical approach for combining the results the results of many studies. Found that the avg patient in therapy improved more than 80% of people who were not in therapy.

Answer 10

Outcomes of therapy research. How can we objectively measure the effectiveness of therapy

Question 11

No superior type of therapy. Regardless of who provides it, the context, or the length, clients are equally satisfied. Also comparing individual or group therapy and the experience of the therapist.

Answer 11

Are some types of therapy more successful than others?

Question 12

Therapist/client relationships is more critical than the specific techniques that are sued. Some forms are superior to others in treating psychological problems.

Answer 12

How can different forms of treatment produce the same results?

Question 13

A supportive relationship, a ray of hope, and an opportunity to open up (cathartic: release psych poisons)

Answer 13

Active therapeutic ingredients of therapy

Question 14

The study of drug effects on mind and behavior. Revolutionized how we approach mental issues

Answer 14

Psychopharmacology

Question 15

Drug type. Developed by researchers on accident, dampened people’s responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli by blocking the neuroreceptors for dopamine in the brain

Answer 15

Anti-psychotic drugs

Question 16

Drug type. Works to dampen the activity of the central nervous system, because anxiety is due to an overstimulation of the CNS, useful for OCD and PTSD

Answer 16

Anti-anxiety drugs

Question 17

Drug type. Increases the supply on nourenephrin and saratonin in the brain, and works to relieve the symptoms of depression and elevate mood. Increases the positive affect and positive emtions int he person.

Answer 17

Anti-depressant drugs

Question 18

Drug type. Lithium - used to manage the wild mood swings that make bipolar disorder, reduce the risk of suicide of bipolar disorders.

Answer 18

Mood-stabilizing drugs

Question 19

“Brain Manipulation” Used to relieve depression. First used medially in 1938, very inhumane. Person strapped to a table, awake. Led so bone breaking seizures, and mind-scrambling. Current form is much more human, anesthetic and muscle relaxant - helps improve severe major depression within 2-4 weeks of ECT.

Answer 19

Electroconvulsive therapy. ECT

Question 20

Clinician removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior. Effects are irreversible.

Answer 20

Psychosurgery

Question 21

Type of psychosurgery. Egas Moniz in the 1930s. Cut nerves that connect the frontal lobe to the controlling centers in the limbic system. Crude, but easy and inexpensive.

Answer 21

Lobotomy

Question 22

Effective in disconnecting thought from emotions. Permanent lethargy, immaturity, regressed psychologically, and experienced a lack of creativity.

Answer 22

The effects of lobotomies