Personal rule- religious policy Flashcards
Give three ways laud attacked preaching
- Banned Sunday afternoon lectures as it was hard to control their contents. 2. Sermons were replaced with catechizing. 3. Suppressed the feoffees for impropriations.
How was the conduct of services changed?
Made more uniform with strict adherence to the prayer book, bowing at the name of Jesus and the wearing of special vestments.
What was the altar question?
It was ruled that the altar would be railed in the east end of the church, implying that communion was a sacrificial service and that the minister was separate from the congregation.
Give three ways puritan beliefs were attacked
- Reissue of the book of sports. 2. Reintroduction of decorations and stained glass. 3. Reintroduction of choir stalls and organs.
What was thorough?
Laud’s determination that his reforms be properly carried through, he did this by forcing bishops to live in their diocese and using the court of high commission to punish any who disobeyed.
Give three reasons why there was opposition to laudianism
- People felt the church they had grown up with was changing. 2. Gentry disliked the fact that reforms blurred social distinctions by making all pews uniform in size. 3. Gentry opposed the reissue of the book of sports as it threatened their law enforcement roles as JPs by encouraging disorder.
What happened to prynn, burton and bastwick?
Had printed blasphemous pamphlets, brought before the star chamber in 1637 and punished by having their ears cut off and being imprisoned for life. This shocked many as they were members of the gentry.
Why was Ireland so troublesome?
Catholic majority had had a Protestant ruling class imposed upon it, this had led to rebellion, with land taken from catholics if they could not produce valid title to it. Charles exploited this insecurity, promising to make Catholics concessions in the form of the graces in return for money.
What was the situation like in 1632 when Wentworth was made lord deputy?
Ireland was a £20,000 annual deficit on the treasury, Wentworth changed this, he exerted pressure on the Irish parliament and brought it into a position of subservience to the English parliament.
Give four things Wentworth did in Ireland
- Imposed the court of high commission in 1634, any who refused to conform lost their post. 2. Extended the power of the prerogative courts and claimed royal title to land. 3. Imposed large fines on any who opposed him. 4. Attacked smuggling.
What was the consequence of wentworth’s actions?
Increased revenue and reformed the church, but alienated every section of society and within 2 years of his 1639 departure, royal authority had broken down.
How had Charles annoyed the Scots?
- Had not had his coronation their until 1633 and it had been done in a catholic style. 2. 1625 saw him revoke all land granted to the nobility since 1540, this was so unpopular that he had to go back on it.
What did Scottish bishops do in 1635?
Drew up a book of common prayer and produced cannons for uniformity of discipline, they were to be imposed by royal decree.
How was the new prayer book imposed?
By royal decree, with no consolation with the clergy, when it was read out in St Giles’ cathedral in 1637 a chair was thrown at the bishop.
What happened in 1638?
Charles made acts of protest against the book of common prayer acts of treason. The Scots thus drew up a covenant to protect Presbyterianism, 300,000 subscribed.
