Personal rule: religious policy Flashcards
How did laud attack preaching?
- Puritan parishes were banned from holding Sunday afternoon sermons as it was hard to control the content of the sermons. 2. Sermons were replaced with catechizing. 3. The feoffees for impropriations (who had attempted to buy up impropriations) were suppressed.
How was the conduct of services changed?
They were made more uniform with strict adherence to the prayer book, bowing at the name of Jesus and the wearing of special vestments.
What was the altar question?
It was ruled that the altar table had to be kept railed in the east end of the church, thus implying that communion was a sacrificial service and that the minister was separate from his congregation.
Give three ways in which puritan beliefs were attacked
- The reissue of the book of sports. 2. The reintroduction of decorations and stained glass in churches. 3. In reintroduction of choir stalls and organs.
What was thorough?
Laud’s determination that his reforms were properly carried through, he did this by forcing bishops to live in their diocese and using the court of high commission to prosecute any who disobeyed.
Give three reasons why there was opposition to laudianism?
- People felt like the established church they had grown up with was changing. 2. Gentry disliked the fact that reforms blurred social distinctions by making all pews uniform in size. 3. Gentry opposed the reissue of the book of sports as it threatened their law enforcement role as a JP by encouraging disorder.
What happened to Prynn, Burton and Bastwick?
They had printed blasphemous pamphlets, in 1637 they were brought before the star chamber and punished for their crimes by having their ears cut off and were imprisoned for life. This shocked many as they were members of the gentry.
Why was Ireland so troublesome?
The Catholic majority had had a Protestant ruling class imposed upon them, which had led to rebellion, with land taken from Catholics if they could not provide valid title to it. Charles had exploited this insecurity and promised to make concessions to the Catholics in the form of the graces in return for money.
What was the situation like in 1632 when Wentworth was made lord deputy?
Ireland was causing a £20,000 per year deficit on the english treasury, Wentworth immediately changed this by exerting pressure upon the Irish parliament and bringing it into a position of subservience to the English parliament.
Give four things Wentworth did in Ireland
- He imposed the court of high commission in 1634, any who refused to conform lost their post. 2. He extended the power of the prerogative courts and claimed royal title to land. 3. He imposed large fines upon any who opposed him. 4. Smuggling was attacked.
What was the consequence of Wentworth’s actions?
He increased revenue and reformed the church, but alienated every section of society, within 2 years of his 1639 departure, royal authority had broken down.
How had Charles annoyed the Scots?
- He had not had his coronation there until 1633 and it had been done in a very Catholic style. 2. In 1625 he revoked all land granted to the nobility since 1540, this was so unpopular that he had to go back on it.
What did Scottish bishops do in 1635?
They drew up the book of common prayer and produced canons for the uniformity of discipline. These were to be imposed by royal decree.
How was the new prayer book imposed?
By royal decree, with no consultation with the clergy, when it was read out in St Giles’ cathedral in 1637, a chair was thrown at the bishop.
What happened in 1638?
Charles made acts of protest against the book of common prayer acts of treason. In response, the Scots drew up the covenant to protect the Presbyterian church, over 300,000 subscribed.
