Charles: foreign policy in the 1620s Flashcards
What was the legacy of James I?
- England had financed Mansfeld’s expedition and was subsidizing the armies of Denmark. 2. Arminians were being promoted in court and there were concerns over Catholic influence. 3. James had fallen ours with parliament, but they had managed to work together.
What was Charles’ character like?
He was aloof, rigid and deeply religious. He liked strict rules and was very shy owing to his stammer. He had a strong belief in divine right and was deeply committed to his wife and children.
How much money would parliament give Charles?
Only two subsidies of £140,000 on the grounds that no war had been declared and they wondered what the money would be used for.
What happened on the mission to Cadiz in 1625?
The soldiers came across a farm with vats of wine and proceeded to get drunk, illness swept through the crew and they returned home to England having achieved nothing.
What happened to the second fleet in 1626?
It never even reached Spain as it was caught by storms in the bay of Biscay and had to return home.
Why did Buckingham want war with France?
In 1625, Richelieu had used a force on loan from the english to defeat a Huguenot force, he had also outmaneuvered him during the marriage negotiations.
What happened during the first mission to the rhe?
1627, it was plagued by inadequate supplies and reinforcements and upon reaching the stronghold, realized that the ladders were too short, the expedition then had to return to England.
What effect did foreign policy failures have on Charles’ relations with parliament?
They poisoned relations with his first three, parliament was unwilling to vote large sums of money only to see them wasted, this, in turn, made defeat more likely.
What happened at La Rochelle?
A force was sent to relieve it in 1628, it was an even greater failure then the first mission and fueled a parliamentary crisis which led to the petition of right.
When and by whom was Buckingham assassinated?
In 1628, he was stabbed to death by the disillusioned john Felton who resented him for the foreign policy failures. His funeral was held with only 100 mourners and his body had been buried the previous day in case crowds tried to attack it.
How did Buckingham’s death effect Charles’ relationship with parliament?
It made it worse as parliament began to realize that it was Charles, not Buckingham, who was responsible for unpopular policies. Charles also resented parliament as they had openly celebrated his friend’s death.
What happened to the final mission to La Rochelle?
Despite Buckingham’s death, Charles ordered that it be sent, it was a failure and La Rochelle fell to the French in October.
When was peace made with France?
1629 under the treaty of Souza.
When was peace made with Spain?
1630 under the treaty of Madrid which was a rehash of 1604’s treaty of London.
How can both sides be blamed for foreign policy failures?
Commons- they failed to provide finance, so missions were doomed to fail. Charles- too much trust in Buckingham, wars were poorly planned and executed, so never stood a chance of success.
