Personal Career

Question 1

What are the two distinct meanings of “career”?

Answer 1

.
1. An individual’s chosen line of work
2.How far you’ve come and what you’ve done during your working years

Question 2

what are the three basic ways of a career path?

Answer 2

Entering as employee
.
*
As entrepreneur
.
*
As apprenticeship

Question 3

What are the tiers of retail management mentioned in the source?

Answer 3

The tiers of retail management are: sales associate > assistant management > store manager > regional manager.

Question 4

What are theories of career?

Answer 4

Theories of career are attempts at alignment of experiences with empirical studies

Question 5

What is John Holland’s (1973) theory grounded in?

Answer 5

Holland’s (1973) theory is grounded in what he called modal personal orientation or a developmental process established through heredity and the individual life history of reacting to the environmental demands.

Question 6

What did John Holland introduce in 1959, and what was his intention?

Answer 6

n 1959, John Holland introduced a theory of occupational choice. His intention was to create a framework that would be useful for counselors and clients to employ.

Question 7

What critical factor did Holland find important for a career theory to be utilized?

Answer 7

Holland found that simplicity was critical: if a theory was too hard for counselors to convey and for clients to retain and reflect on, it ran the risk of being underutilized.

Question 8

How has Holland’s theory been received in the field of career advice and practice?

Answer 8

Holland’s thesis is usually considered as among the most prominent theories driving career advice and practice.

Question 9

What are the three key sections of the chapter on Holland’s (1997b) theory of vocational choice?

Answer 9

.
A summary of the theory and its predictions
2.
A summary of research on the idea, including its application to varied populations
3.
A discussion of how the theory might be applied to career challenges that develop during the life span with various populations

Question 10

State Super’s first basic assumption about career.

Answer 10

People differ in their abilities and personalities, needs, values, interests, traits and self-concepts.

Question 11

: State Super’s second basic assumption about career.

Answer 11

People are qualified, by virtue of their characteristics, for a number of occupations

Question 12

State Super’s third basic assumption about career.

Answer 12

: Each occupation requires a characteristic pattern of abilities and personality traits, with tolerances for each individual as well as some variety of individual in each occupation.

Question 13

State Super’s fourth basic assumption about career.

Answer 13

Vocational preferences and competencies, the situations in which people live and work, and hence their self-concepts change, with time and experience.

Question 14

State Super’s fifth point about career development.

Answer 14

The process of change may be summed up in a series of life stages (also called maxi cycle)

Question 15

The degree of satisfaction people attain from work is proportional to the degree to which they have been able to ———self-concepts.

Answer 15

implement

Question 16

What has Holland’s thesis undoubtedly contributed to in the field of career

Answer 16

Holland’s thesis has undoubtedly contributed to a sea change in the field of career guidance.

Question 17

How does Holland’s theory help understand the factors of self and the working world?

Answer 17

: Holland’s theory helps us to think about these factors in a reasonable number of dimensions

Question 18

How have RIASEC scales and environmental classifications improved career guidance?

Answer 18

They have greatly improved clients’ and counselors’ ability to generate fairly comprehensive lists of possible careers that warrant consideration.

Question 19

What is the first step in career intervention through the lens of Holland’s theory?

Answer 19

The first step is classifying a client’s personality according to the RIASEC typology

Question 20

What process does a counselor guide a client through in Holland-based career intervention?

Answer 20

The counselor guides the client through a process of articulating and investigating their values, interests, competencies, self-perceptions, and daydreams as they relate to potential careers.

Question 21

What is the typical outcome of the assessment in Holland’s theory?

Answer 21

An interpretation normally focuses on determining the client‘s three-letter Holland code
.
Flashcard 32 (Front): How can clients use their Holland code after assessment?

Question 22

: What concepts from Holland’s theory can counselors use to help clients understand career decision-making issues?

Answer 22

: Counselors can use the ideas of difference, consistency, and identity

Question 23

What are some client needs that can be met by using Holland’s overarching framework?

Answer 23

Assisting people in making or revising educational or career choices
*
Increasing job satisfaction and productivity
*
Preparing individuals to put their plans into action
*
Fostering optimal career development in the young

Question 24

What is work-related stress, depression, or anxiety?

Answer 24

Work-related stress, depression, or anxiety is defined as a harmful reaction people have to undue pressures and demands placed on them at work

Question 25

According to the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) curriculum, what characterizes anxiety or feeling anxious

Answer 25

Anxiety or feeling anxious is characterized by a ―persistent feeling of apprehension or dread‖ in situations that are not actually threatening

Question 26

---------- can be a trigger for anxiety

Answer 26

Stress

Question 27

how common is depression in one's lifetime?

Answer 27

Depression is common, with at least one in 10 people experiencing it in their lifetime.

Question 28

List some phrases from the MHFA at Work curriculum to start a conversation with someone who might be struggling.

Answer 28

It sounds like you are having a difficult time.‖ ◦ ―Is something bothering you?‖ ◦ ―Would you like to talk?‖ ◦ ―I‘ve noticed you‘ve been more quiet than usual and wondered if you are OK?‖

Question 29

According to the text, what is the difference between normal feelings of melancholy and anxiety, and when might it indicate a more serious issue?

Answer 29

Feelings of melancholy and anxiety are normal and inevitable. However, when these feelings consume the majority of your waking hours, that's not typical and could indicate a serious case of melancholy or nervousness

Question 30

How can anxiety and sadness affect a person?

Answer 30

Anxiety and sadness can alter a person's mood, outlook, and interpersonal interactions

Question 31

The only individuals who can give you an accurate diagnosis of your mental health issue are licensed -----------------

Answer 31

mental health specialists.

Question 32

According to the text, what is the relationship between thoughts and emotions?

Answer 32

Your emotions are a reflection of your thoughts. Depression results from dwelling on the worst possible outcomes, while anxiety originates in worrying about criticism or injury.

Question 33

What is one of the greatest benefits of cognitive therapy mentioned

Answer 33

One of the greatest benefits of cognitive therapy is that it may be used to alter one's outlook and, in turn, one's emotional state.

Question 34

hat are "reality scramblers" referred to as in the context of thinking?

Answer 34

Reality scramblers refer to devices that affect reality in a way that one's thoughts fail to fairly represent, forecast, or depict the world around you. The mind's many tricks for distorting incoming data are collectively referred to as "information reality scramblers".

Question 35

What are the three categories of "reality-harpers" or "reality scramblers" listed in the text?

Answer 35

Reality-Distorting Information Agencies ◦ Individualists who distort their own perceptions of reality ◦ The Truth-Distorters Who Blame Only Themselves

Question 36

Define what a team is according to Sundstrom, DeMeuse, & Futrell (1990).

Answer 36

A team is "a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal and who each have some degree of accountability for producing the desired results for their companies".

Question 37

What is a secondary criterion for a group to be considered a team?

Answer 37

The group must also be "labelled as such by both team members and outside observers"

Question 38

What was the objective of Kurt's project team?

Answer 38

The team's objective was "to create new software for a repeat customer".

Question 39

What are global virtual teams?

Answer 39

Global virtual teams involve team members from "other foreign offices".

Question 40

According to Kurt's manager, what can help bridge the gap created by physical distance in a global virtual team?

Answer 40

Technological advances" can help bridge the gap that physical distance creates inside a group

Question 41

What are some reasons why organizations are increasingly forming teams, according to Mohrman, Cohen, and Mohrman (1995)?

Answer 41

Teams can save time by completing tasks simultaneously . ◦ Cross-fertilization of ideas fosters innovation and originality . ◦ Teams are more able to integrate information than individuals . ◦ Teams allow companies to create and distribute high-quality goods and services more rapidly . ◦ It is via teamwork that businesses are able to learn and retain information more efficiently .

Question 42

What are some of the issues that arise with the increased reliance on teams in the workplace?

Answer 42

creased reliance on teams raises issues with "team make-up, team training, team motivation, and performance evaluation".

Question 43

What is in rising demand due to the increase in virtual teams?

Answer 43

There is a rising demand for "improved communication and trust-building through electronic and social media, such as e-mails, SMS, and videoconferences".

Question 44

What are the different types of teams discussed in the source?

Answer 44

The types of teams discussed are "Quality Circles, Project Teams, Production Teams, and Virtual Teams"

Question 45

Describe Quality Circles

Answer 45

Quality circles typically involve "6 to 12 employees who meet regularly to identify work-related problems and to generate ideas that can increase productivity or product quality". They are often initiated by management, with meeting times during work hours

Question 46

How do Project Teams differ from other types of teams?

Answer 46

Project teams "are created to solve a particular problem or set of problems" and are "disbanded after the project is completed or the problem is solved

Question 47

: What are Production Teams responsible for?

Answer 47

Production teams consist of "frontline employees who produce tangible output such as cars, televisions, cell phones, or mined minerals"

Question 48

What is important to note about the needs of different teams?

Answer 48

"Different teams have different needs in terms of size, structure, and support"

Question 49

What is essential to know about the different sorts of teams in the business world?

Answer 49

"Knowing the many sorts of teams is essential since each type performs a unique task"

Question 50

Outline four types of teams

Answer 50

1. Quality Circles 2. Project Teams 3. Production Teams 4. Virtual Teams

Question 51

Define Production teams

Answer 51

Production teams consist of frontline employees who produce tangible output such as cars, televisions, cell phones, or mined minerals (Guzzo & Dickson, 1996).

Question 52

----------of ideas fosters innovation and originality.

Answer 52

Cross-fertilization

Question 53

When working together, teams are more able to -------- information than individuals do.

Answer 53

integrate

Question 54

Challenges in managing team interactions and processes may also arise from members' ----------- cultural beliefs.

Answer 54

divergent

Question 55

Classic organization theories assume people are---------responding to the characteristics of an organization in an automatic and reflexive manner

Answer 55

machines,

Question 56

The psychological aspect of organisational psychology involves how you respond to the----------- of different organisations.

Answer 56

"personalities"

Question 57

A group is considered to be an organisation if its members work together toward a shared objective and adhere to established -------- while creating new goods and services

Answer 57

protocols

Question 58

What crucial aspect was missing in the response to Hurricane Katrina?

Answer 58

Organisation, specifically a cohesive structure

Question 59

Describe the organizational structure of the Soprano family as presented in the text.

Answer 59

A defined order of authority (the patriarch, the Organization), from which everyone reports to the next in command.

Question 60

How does the organizational structure of al-Qaeda contrast with that of the Soprano family?

Answer 60

The members of Al-Qaeda are divided up into smaller groups called "cells," and they rarely communicate with one another. The chain of command is unclear, and there is no one who reports to whom. Both the membership and the functioning of the group are subject to regular and often sudden shifts. In contrast to the Soprano family, al-Qaeda relies on the fact that no single cell knows anything about any other cell, making it exceedingly difficult for an outsider or even most insiders to "put the pieces together."

Question 61

: What did early organisational theories primarily focus on?

Answer 61

The structure of a company rather than its internal procedures.

Question 62

Who is widely credited with promoting bureaucracy as the superior organisational structure?

Answer 62

Max Weber, a German political scientist and sociologist.

Question 63

According to the text, why did Weber (1947) develop his theory of bureaucracy?

Answer 63

As a societal protest against the favouritism and nepotism that characterised most organisations in the early 20th century.

Question 64

Name four primary aspects along which Weber developed a system for characterising businesses.

Answer 64

I. Division of labour II Reporting structures inside an organisation III Structure (formal construction in terms of division of labour, delegation of power, and span of control; number of levels) IV Span of control.

Question 65

Define division of labour in an organizational context.

Answer 65

The process by which an organization's work is separated into specialised positions and the roles of different departments.

Question 66

-----------------of an organisation, is defined as the number of positions or persons who report to a single individual.

Answer 66

Span of control, or the breadth

Question 67

Define authority delegation within an organization

Answer 67

The concept of who in an organization's lower ranks reports to who in the upper ranks

Question 68

---------- is a graphical representation of the internal structure of a company.

Answer 68

structure diagram

Question 69

What were two limitations of traditional organisational theory mentioned

Answer 69

It was based on the flawed premise that there is a single optimal setup for any given company; It discounted the notion that members' actions may alter the structure of the organisation while assuming that organisations influenced member behaviour

Question 70

What did human relations theory add to the study

Answer 70

A personal or human element, taking into account how the needs of a group relate to the personalities of its participants.

Question 71

What was McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y primarily a reaction against?

Answer 71

The impersonal assumptions of classic organisational theory

Question 72

Briefly describe the perspective of managers who adhere to Theory X.

Answer 72

They felt that subordinate conduct had to be controlled to fulfil organisational aims, and that a lack of attention would lead to apathy and resistance

Question 73

Briefly describe the perspective of managers who adhere to Theory Y.

Answer 73

They thought that employees were self-motivated enough to achieve corporate goals without requiring excessive micromanagement.

Question 74

What is the central idea behind contingency theories in the context of organizations?

Answer 74

Optimal practices vary with context, and actions should be tailored to the situation at hand

Question 75

What key aspect does systems theory highlight in understanding how organizations function?

Answer 75

That many forces were at play, both inside and outside of an organisation

Question 76

What is another common name for systems theory, and why?

Answer 76

Open systems theory" to highlight the need of being responsive to external factors

Question 77

What was a specific focus of Katz and Kahn's research on small groups?

Answer 77

How the clarity of roles and the degree to which roles were in conflict affected the feelings and actions of group members.