INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATION PSCHOLOGY

Question 1

Philosophers such as Socrates and Plato speculated a lot about——–

Answer 1

human behaviour

Question 2

Discuss the 5 basic goals of Industrial/Organisational Psychology

Answer 2

——- of behaviour: This involves measuring concepts, ———, characteristics, or —- —- impact or condition human behaviour

————: Attributes or ——- that are measured are classified, identified, or categorized based on their ———features or characteristics

——–: This means providing reasons why people think, feel, or act the way they do. This goal is often achieved through the formulation of —–
.

———: The goal of predicting behaviour is essential for making valid decisions for the present and the future

———: Based on predicted behaviour, this involves encouraging the frequent occurrence of desired behaviours and stopping undesired ones
.

Measurement,attributes,variables, Describing, concepts,salient ,Explanation,Prediction, theories, Control

Question 3

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and ——–

Answer 3

behavior

Question 4

Compare between Industrial Psychology and Organisational Psychology;
———— Psychology as a sub-field of Psychology dated to the work of some —– writers such as Hugo Munsterberg, Fredrick Taylor, Eton Mayo, Abraham Maslow and so many others
While
Organisational Psychology explain the —— groups at work and such issues as group—–, social ——–, attitudes and the generally observable changes that both physical and ———– aspects of the work place represents and other scenarios such as structure, processes and people became topical issues which are codified as Organisational Psychology.

Answer 4

Industrial.notable,Informal, morale,conformity,social

Question 5

State rightly or wrongly held myths and believes about human behaviours?

RD2S2

Answer 5

i. How do we remember things?
ii Why do we dream?
Iii How and why do drugs alter human consciousness?
iv What will cause someone to taking his/her own life, via suicide, or take the life of others via gun shots or what is the origin of extreme behaviour like suicide bombing?
V . What makes individuals such as Boko Haram members become social misfits?

Question 6

Discuss the Basic Issues in Industrial/Organisational Psychology,

JOURNEY OF A NEW EMPLOYER

THE

Answer 6

i. Assessment of human attributes at work
ii. Work and Job design
iii. Selection and placement of people on jobs
iv. Training and learning at work
v. Performance appraisal
vi. Organisational change and development
vii. Ergonomics, equipment design and man-machine fit

JOURNEY

Question 7

The —— psychologist comes close to many people idea of what a psychologist is. They are ―doctors‟ who diagnose psychological disorders and treat them using ——. The clinical psychologist is different from a ——-

Answer 7

clinical
psychotherapy
psychiatrist

Question 7

———-psychologists study a number of different aspects of the human ——– at work and also occasionally go beyond studying ——— to studying teamwork and organizational ———–

Answer 7

Industrial
experience
individuals
culture

Question 8

——-Psychologist: Involved in criminology and —– issues relating to ——- and prosecution of criminals.

Answer 8

Forensic .
legal
investigation

Question 9

—– psychologists study a number of different aspects of the human —— at work and also occasionally go beyond studying individuals to studying ——- and organizational culture

Answer 9

Industrial
experience
teamwork

Question 10

Name two notable writers whose work dates back to the sub-field of Industrial Psychology.

H.BEG
FED.TLR

Answer 10

Notable writers include Hugo Munsterberg and Fredrick Taylor

Question 11

Beyond studying individuals, I/O psychologists also focus on studying teamwork and ———– culture.

Answer 11

organizational

Question 12

——— is the process of actively seeking out, finding and——— candidates for a specific —– or job.

Answer 12

Recruitment
hiring
position

Question 13

List the five components of staffing activities mentioned in the text.

JARSP

Answer 13

1.
Job analysis to determine the core activities to be engaged by employees
2.
Assessment of human requirements of all jobs
3.
Recruitment via announcement of vacancies and finding means of attracting qualified candidates
4.
Selecting from among the applicants those with the best probability of succeeding
5.
Putting selected candidates on the job roles
.

Question 14

Job ——- is done to determine the core activities to be engaged by employees; that is the duties, tasks, responsibilities, working conditions and hazards and assessment of human requirements of all jobs.

Answer 14

analysis

Question 15

Name some sources for recruitment from the ‘external labour market’.

Answer 15

*
Unsolicited applications
*
Recommendations of present employees
*
Walk-ins
*
Referrals
*
Employment agents/agencies
*
Redundant workers
*
Labour union centres
*
Poaching
*
Job fairs
*
Scouting
*
Nepotism
*
Leasing

Question 16

What are some sources for recruitment from the ‘internal labour market’?

Answer 16

Transfer
*
Promotion
*
Job rotation
*
Recommendation of labour union
*
Training and skill upgrading
*
Job redesigning by either enlargement or slimming
*
Job reclassification

Question 17

——- means determining among the so-recruited, the best possible hand for the position advertised. It is a ——– exercise involving a number of steps

Answer 17

Selection
rigorous

Question 18

——— involves putting selected candidates on the job —— and ensuring —– are placed in the job on which they can best perform.

Answer 18

Placement
roles
workers

Question 19

Name Nine stages in the selection process mentioned in the text.

Answer 19

*
Preliminary interview
*
Application blank
*
Second interview
*
Psychological testing
*
Work history
*
Reference check
*
Medical examination
*
Recommendation
*
Offer

Question 20

What is the purpose of a ‘preliminary interview’ in the selection process?

Answer 20

It is usually exploratory and serves as part of the screening of those who are qualified enough to participate in the rest of the selection process.

Question 21

The —— blank is thoughtfully designed with ——- required on the job in mind. Relevant——- data are also obtained through the blank. It is useful in subsequent interviews

Answer 21

application
attributes
biographical

Question 22

———-tests are designed on different human attributes and the choice of test(s) depends on attributes necessary for the —-. They give greater insight and results are generally more—–and reliable than most measures.

Answer 22

Psychological
job
valid

Question 23

—– history is examined to assess the relevance of earlier job ——of applicants, which is important for jobs where experience is needed and advertised.

Answer 23

Work
experiences

Question 24

What is the purpose of a 'reference check' in the selection process?

Answer 24

The purpose is to obtain the opinions of former employer(s) and/or people of eminent status to provide useful insight in helping to reach a decision to employ or not

Question 25

Why is a 'medical examination' conducted during employee selection?

Answer 25

It is done to examine the physiological state and fitness of candidates and to check for absence or otherwise illnesses that may impact efficiency on the job if employed.

Question 26

What happens during the 'recommendation' stage of employee selection?

Answer 26

At this point, the remaining applicants are those that meet most of the criteria for the job positions. Some will be given an offer, and others may be kept as replacements if the initial offers are not honored.

Question 27

What is communicated to the successful candidate during the 'offer' stage?

Answer 27

At this point, a decision to employ is communicated to the successful candidate.

Question 28

What are two ways to achieve better placement of workers

Answer 28

1. Giving interest inventories to determine area of interest 2.Placing the new recruit on all possible job positions and using their relative performance rating to place them in their area of highest rating.

Question 29

-------is an organized procedure by which people learn------ and/or skill for a definite purpose. It refers to the teaching and ----- activities carried on for the primary purpose of helping members of an organization -------and apply the knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes needed by a particular job and organization.

Answer 29

Training knowledge learning acquire

Question 30

Mention Five benefits of employee training for the employee.

Answer 30

Increased job satisfaction and morale * Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain * Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods * Reduced employee turnover * Increased job security and opportunity for advancement

Question 30

List 8 benefits of employee training for the employer.

Answer 30

Increased productivity * Improved quality of products and services * Increased profitability * Reduced need for supervision * Reduced accidents * Increased employee engagement * Reduced employee turnover * Enhanced company image

Question 31

Name 11 types of employee training programs mentioned in the text.

Answer 31

Onboarding training * Technical skills training * Soft skills training * Product knowledge training * Compliance training * Safety training * E-learning * Role-playing and simulations * Mentoring/One-on-One Coaching * Lecture sessions * Hands-on/Apprenticeship

Question 32

-------- is a key process in human behaviour

Answer 32

learning

Question 33

name two Factors that Affect Learning

Answer 33

External factors Internal factors

Question 34

----------- instruction is a method where information is presented to students in a ------ manner, using reinforcement ---------. Instructional materials provide positive feedback as students progress. This method can be ------ or flexible, and reviews suggest it can be faster than lectures.

Answer 34

Programmed structured principles linear

Question 35

The purpose of a simulator is to allow trainees to practise making ------ in a low-risk context before ------ them in a real-world setting, increasing the likelihood of knowledge ------ and on-the-job use. Simulators replicate important aspects of the actual world in a ------ environment.

Answer 35

judgments applying retention controlled

Question 36

------ can be defined as any relative change in behaviour occurring as a result of practice or--------

Answer 36

Learning experience

Question 37

Examples of external factors affecting learning include:

Answer 37

Rewards and punishments * Relationships * Environment: Learning context, distractions, workplace, facilities, tutors, methods, inhibitions, etc.

Question 38

Give examples of internal factors affecting learning.

Answer 38

* Perception * Memory * Motivation * Attitudes * Emotions * Personality * Forgetting * Inhibitions (retroactive and proactive) * Distraction (arising from the environment) * Individual differences in learning speed

Question 39

------------ is another popular way of training workers since it allows them to gain experience in a variety of settings

Answer 39

Job rotation

Question 40

For training to be successful training needs has to be ---i---and a system put in place to implement the training agenda using appropriate ---ii----

Answer 40

i.diagnosed ii methodologies

Question 41

Training refers to the teaching and learning activities carried on for the primary purpose of helping members of an organization acquire and apply the knowledge, skills, abilities, and --------- needed by a particular job and organization

Answer 41

attitudes