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Microbiology > Person to Person > Flashcards

Person to Person Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the pathogen modes of transmission

A

Airborne bacterial/Viral
Direct viral/bacterial
STD

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2
Q

? important vehicles of transmission of person-person?

A

Aerosols
-coughing, talking, breathing,
contaminate surfaces/persons

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3
Q

Sneezes clock in at 100 m/s (200) can in

A

lots of bacteria and viruses

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4
Q

Most pathogens survive ? in air

A

Poorly

Only over short distances, lots of pathogens are gram + so more resistant to drying.

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5
Q

Major bacterial respirtaotry tract pathogens

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumnoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pertussis

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6
Q

Which are preventable by vaccination?

A

Diptheria and whooping cough

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7
Q

Streptococcus A pyogenes

A

commonly found in low numbers in upper resp. tract of healthy indv.
causes strept through and inner ear and skin
certain strains carry a bacteriopage that encode endotoxins. such as TSS/Scarlet fever- necrotizing fasciitis

Untreated infections can lead to rheumatic fever

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8
Q

Streptococcus Pneuooniae

A

Causative agent of pneumonia
is protected by capsule from immune system
drug resistant strains are common.
Capsular polysaccharide vaccine available
penicillin/erythromycin treatment.

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9
Q

Measles

A

(-) strains RNA- paramyxovirus

Formerly common childhood

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10
Q

Mumps

A

paramyxovirus (like measles)

effects inflammation salivary glands

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11
Q

Rubella

A

(3-day measles/german)

-Caused by ssRNA virus togavirus group

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12
Q

Colds

A 
Most common- rhinoviruses 
\+ single sense ssRNA virus 
115 diff. strains identified. 
15% of colds - coronaviruses
10% adenoviruses
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13
Q

Enterovirus D68

A

Picornavirudae: Group IV + sense ssRNA genome naked nucleocapsid
-1 of >100 non-polio enteroviruses not new but caused nationwide outbreak in 2014.
causes severe illness such as wheezing.

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14
Q

Influenza

A

RNA virus of orthomyxovirus group
(-) negative strand ssRNA
8- segments
3 diff types of types

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15
Q

the most important human pathogen

A

influenza A

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16
Q

Viruses bind to cell

A

glycoproteins and sialic acid sugars on the surfaces of epithelial cells in lungs and throat.

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17
Q

Why do flu breakouts occur annually.

A

due to the plasticity of the influenza genome

Usually from recombination of avian and human virus in swine.
1918/2020
H1N1 outbreak 2009
h5n1 gradually on the rise

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18
Q

Antigenic shift

A

-Major change in the influenza virus antigen due to genome reassortment.

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19
Q

Antigenic drift

A

Minor change in influenza virus antigens to gene mutation; RNA replicase does not proof-read avg
1 mutation per viral genome

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20
Q

WHO announced how many ? confirmed cases

386 deaths

A

650

386 deaths

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21
Q

Explain the mortality
prevention
treatments

A

Due to secondary bacterial pneumonia infection

  • immunization/ world surveillance
  • Use of various drugs tamiflu/ relenza (zanamir)
  • amantadine (synthetic amine inhibits replication)
  • more effected when given early
22
Q

Staphylococcus

A

gram + cocci; divides into several planes to form irregular clumps

causes acne,boils, impetigo, osteomyelitis, carditis

23
Q

What strain of staphylococcus causes human disease

A

S. Aureus

24
Q

3 virulence factors

A

Hemolysis
Coagulase
Leukocidin

25
Q

Certain strains implicated with TSS

A

Cough, high fever, rash, vomitng

TTST-1 A super anitgen

26
Q

What causes food poisioing

A

S. Enterotoxin A (superantigen)

27
Q

Extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in

A

selection of resistant strains of s. Aureus

28
Q

Hepatitis

A

A liver inflammation caused by vrisues or bacteria

these viruses are diverse (A,B,C)

29
Q

Hep A

A

infectous hep
causes mild illness
oftten fecal-oral transmission

Group IV ss+ RNA picoRNAvirus
Contamiinated water, oysters, daycare
has vaccine available

30
Q

Hep B

A

Serum

Acute/severe liver disease
-Part dsDNA/hepaDNAvirus
has vaccine avail

31
Q

Hep C

A

Blood contact/ needles
No vaccine
Group IV flaviviridae (ss+RNA)

32
Q

What 2 hep are parenteral transmission - blood bodily fluid?

A

B AND C

33
Q

Less common forms of Hep?

A

D, E, G
D- coinfection with HepB
E- acute, self-limting
G- mild or asymptomatic

34
Q

Vaccines for HEP only avail for ?

A

A and B

35
Q

What is ebola caused by? kind of strand? How is it transmitted, where does it come from

A

Filovirus
Neg RNA virus
Reservoir is bats- fruit bats

36
Q

Pathogens from where are exchanged during sex?

A

From the genitourinary tract

37
Q

What do BACTERIAL STI’s are preventable and treatable

A

Gonorrhea and syphilis

38
Q

Gonorrhea

A

prevalent, asymptomatic in women

AKA the clap

N. Gonorrheoae (gram neg cocci)

mild vaginitis that goes unnoticed, can lead to pelvic inflammation

Newborns can get eye infection/blood infection

39
Q

Syphilis

A

Low prevalence and very obvious symptoms in women

Treponema pallidum
T. Pallidum can be transmitted to fetus

40
Q

What are the symptoms of the clap in males

A

Painful infection of urethral canal

41
Q

How many stages of syphillis

A

3

42
Q

What is highly effected for the the first 2 stages of syphillis?

A

Penecillin

43
Q

How many people annually get syphilis?

A

55,400
14,000 P/S DIAGNOSED
72% of new p&s among men having sex with men

44
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus

A

Infections are associated with Anogenital region

  • causes painful blisters on penis of male and cervix
  • Typically transmitted through sexual contact and active blisters present
45
Q

Genital herpes

A

incurable
limited number of drugs are succesful in controlling infectious blister stage
(acyclovir)

46
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

obligate intracellular bacterium

  • Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) - can cause infertity
  • eye infection
  • secondary infection
47
Q

What can you use to detect chlamydia

A

gene probe, PCR, ELISA

48
Q

Trichomoniasis The two key genera refer diplomonads and parabasalids are

A

NGU may be cases by this (vaginalis)
-transmitted via sex, tolet seats, etc
asymptomatic in males

49
Q

Trichomonas is a ?

A

Parabasalid
lack mitochondria and have hydrogenosomes for anaerobic metabolism.
Genomes lack introns and are large.

50
Q

Which HIV is more virulent

A

HIV-1

51
Q

What is an opportunistic infection in AIDS patients??

A

Pneumonia

52
Q

Explain HIV pathogenesis

A

HIV infects the cell that contains the CD4 cell surface protein then infection result in Progressive decline in CD4 cells especially CD4 T helper cells and HIV also interacts with co receptors On Target cell

Microbiology (12 decks)

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