PERSIA- DARIUS (3) Flashcards
When did Darius come to power?
522 BC
Who was Darius to Cambyses?
A distant relative
What is the name of Darius’ inscription of how he came to power?
The Bisitun Inscription
Where did the first revolts against Darius happen?
Elam and Babylonia
When did the first rebellion by Babylonia break out?
October 522
Who led the first rebellion of Elam and Babylonia
Nidintu-Bel
When did the Persians beat the first wave of the rebellion in Babylonia?
December 522
The other alleged son of Nabonidus, who led the second rebellion in Babylonia?
Arakha
Who defeated the Babylonians for the second time?
Intaphernes
When were the Babylonians defeated for the second time?
November 521
Which were all the rebelling regions?
Persia, Elam, Babylonia, Media, Assyria, Egypt, Parthia, Margiana, Sattagydia and the Saka of Central Asia
How many advisors, including Nidintu-Bel were killed by Darius?
50, 49 + Nidintu
How many battles did Darius fight against the rebellion?
19
How many revolting kings did he take prisoner?
9
Who was Ahuramazda?
The god of Zoroastrianism
What is ‘truth’ in Persian
Arta
What is ‘the lie’ in Persian
Drauga
How many Satrapies did Darius organise the empire into?
20
What were the two main duties of a Satrap?
Collect taxes and provide troops
What were the 4 royal cities at the time?
Susa, Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis
What were the 3 parts of Susa?
Apadana Mound, Royal City, Acropolis
What is the apadana?
Audience hall in Persian royal palace
What other city did Darius establish
Persepolis
When did construction of Persepolis begin?
518BC
What is the Persian name for the Greeks?
Yauna
What is the name of Darius’ wife (the most influential one)
Atossa
What is the name of Darius’ half-brother
Artaphernes
When was Samos brought into the empire?
517 BC
When were Lesbos and Chios involved?
513 BC
Who was responsible for exploring the Indus Valley
Scylax
When did Darius invade Europe?
513 BC
Where was Darius’ invasion of Europe targeted
Scythia and Thrace
Where is modern-day Scythia?
Ukraine
Where is modern-day Thrace?
Bulgaria
What is the Ister known as today
The Danube
Who was Miltiades
Greek general (father of Cimon)
Who was Histaeus
A tyrant of Miletus
What did the Persians demand from the Macedonians
Earth and Water (symbolic tokens of submission given to the Persians by people accepting Persian rule over them)
What is the name the Persians gave to people who lived in Thrace?
Skudra
What was Thrace rich in?
Gold and Silver, timber
What did conquering Thrace help with?
Naval Dominance (control the route from the Aegean to the Black Sea)
Who was Mardonius?
A Persian commander, who introduced democratic systems into the Ionian cities
What happened in 492 BC?
Darius sent a fleet to the north of Greece to punish Athens and Eretria for helping the Milesians
What does ‘medise’ mean?
The act of submitting to the Persians
When was the Battle of Marathon?
490BC
How many Greeks died in the Battle of Marathon?
192
How many Persians died in the Battle of Marathon?
6400
What tactics did the Greeks use in the Battle of Marathon
Phalanx- tightly packed formation used by heavily armed Greek soldiers
When did Darius die?
486 BC
How long did Darius reign for?
36 years
When was Darius born?
550BC
Who was the less significant daughter of Cyrus, who Darius married
Artystone
Who was the 3rd wife of Darius (granddaughter of Cyrus)?
Parmys
What was Darius called?
The huckster (always sought to make a profit)
What was Zopyrus famous for
No nose (story about pledging allegiance)
Who ran to Athens?
Pheidippides
What inscription was there at Susa?
The Foundation Charter
What did the Persians call Persepolis?
Parsa
How tall was the terrace in Persepolis?
12m
How much area did Persepolis take up?
34 acres
How many nations supported Darius?
23
How long was the canal connecting the Nile to the Red Sea?
50 miles
When was the nile canal completed?
498BC
What did the royal road do?
Connect all the capitals of the Achaemenid Empire
How long did it take to travel from Sardis to Susa?
90 Days
What was the name of the currency Darius introduced?
Darayaka
When was the new currency introduced?
500BC
