Perrino GPCRs second half

Question 1

Signaling proteins with (blank) domains bind to P04-Y docking sites on an activated (blank) receptor

Answer 1

SH2

PDGF

Question 2

A PDGF receptor has a split tyrosine kinase domain that can be phosphorylated via what three things?

Answer 2

PI3 kinase, GAP, PLCgamma

Question 3

Phosphorylated Tyr serve as docking sites for protein with (blank) domains

Answer 3

SH2

Question 4

The monomeric G protein(blank) provides a crucial link between receptor Tyr kinases and the downstream signaling cascades

Answer 4

Ras

Question 5

When ras is bound to (blank) it is active.

Answer 5

gtp

Question 6

The active Ras protin activates what pathway?

Answer 6

the map kinase pathway

Question 7

Describe the MAP kinase pathway:

Answer 7

Active Ras bound to GTP activates MAP kinasekinase kinase (RAF) which phosphorylates MAP kinase kinase (Mek) which phosphorylates a Map kinase (Erk) which phosphorylates proteins and gene regulatory proteins to either change gene expression or protein activity

Question 8

How does Ras get activated to gain a GTP?

Answer 8

Via Ras GEF

Question 9

What does GAP do to Ras?

Answer 9

dephosphorylates it making it bind to GDP instead of GTP

Question 10

Why is there generation of PIP2 and PIP3 by PI3 kinase?

Answer 10

to generate docking sites for signaling

proteins that have PH domains

Question 11

Describe the PI3 signaling pathways:

Answer 11

activated B cell receptor->activated PI-3 kinase->activated PIP2-> PIP3->phosphorylates PH domains ( activates PLC-gamma, and BTK)-> activates PIP2-> IP3_> activation of PKC and release of Ca2+ from ER.

Question 12

What makes this happen:
activation of down steam pathways, clonal expansion, activation of immunoglobin promotors, translation of antigen specific immunoglobins, regulated exocytosis of immunoglobulins into circulation.

Answer 12

Relase of Ca2+ from the ER via the PI3 kinase signaling pathway

Question 13

(blank) is an inherited disorder characterized by very low levels of protective immunoglobulins.
affected individuals develop repeated infections.
such as Hemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), and staphylococci as well as repeated viral infections. The upper respiratory tract, lungs, and skin are common sites of infection.

Answer 13

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Question 14

What disease has frequent infections, conjuctivitis pneumonia brochitis skin inections, diarrea and can be detected via serum immunoglobulins. People with this disease are treated with influsions of blood plasma and serum immun globulin.

Answer 14

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Question 15

What is the apoptosis pathway with PI3 kinase and Akt?

Answer 15

activated TyrK receptor->activates PIP2-> PIP3-> phosphorylates Akt and PDK1-> Akt is activated by PDK1 and mTOR-> Akt dissociates -> may or may not phosphorylate Bad-> apoptosis or if phosphorylated inhibitory protein prevents apoptosis.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Jack-STAT pathway?

Answer 16

rapid delivery of cytokine signaling to nucleus

Question 17

Describe the Jack-STAT pathway

Answer 17

cytokin receptors bind cytokine-> dimerization->JACKs cross phosphorylate-> JACKs phosphorylated receptor-> Stats dock on receptor-> JACKs phosphorylate STATS-> Stats dissociate from receptor and dimerize via SH2 domains-> STATS go to nucleus and activate gene transcription.

Question 18

What is the TGF-beta and SMAD pathways good for?

Answer 18

during development:

• pattern formation
• specification
• ECM production

during adulthood:

• tissue repair
• immune regulation

Question 19

Described the TGF-beta and the SMAD pathway

Answer 19

type II and type I tgf receptors dimerize, the serine/threonine kinase domain on type II phosphorylatse type I receptor-> type 1 receptor phosphorylatse SMAD2 or SMAD3-> SMADs dissociate and oligomerizes with SMAD4 and moves to nucleus-> activates gene transcription and makes smad 6 and

Question 20

What are the major proteolysis-dependent signaling pathways?

Answer 20

Notch mediated, Wnt mediated, hedgehog, NF-kB

Question 21

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that produces synovial proliferation and 
joint erosions. The pathologic lesions of RA are driven through the production of inflammatory mediators in the synovium mediated, in part, by the transcription factor (blank).

Answer 21

NF-kappaB.

Question 22

Describe the NF-kB pathway?

Answer 22

TNF alpha Trimer binds to TNF alpha receptor, which activates IKK complex which phosphorylates IkB, IkB then gets degraded and IkB is liberated and translocation into nucleus to activated transciption NFkB target genes.

Question 23

What is Chronn’s disease iniated by?

What is it driven by?

Answer 23

inappropriate innate and acquired immune responses to normal enteric flora.
driven by pro-inflammatory TNF macrophage-dependent chronic activation

Question 24

(blank) blocks the actions of TNF-a by binding to it and preventing it from signaling to its receptors on the surface of cells.

Answer 24

Infliximab (remicade)

Question 25

What kind of receptors are these?

PI3 kinase, PLC-g, IP3, Ca2+

Src

Jak-STATs

NF-kB

Answer 25

enzyme linked

Question 26

What kind of receptors are these?

Smads

Answer 26

rSer/Thre kinases

Question 27

What kind of receptors are these:

Ras, MAP kinase

Answer 27

rPTKs

Question 28

What kind of receptors are these:
Ga  cAMP  adenylyl cyclase PKA
Gi    inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
Golf cAMP Na channel
Gq  PLCb  DAG  IP3  Ca2+
Gt   inhibit PDE increase cGMP

Answer 28

GPCRs