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Block 1 W5 > Biochem Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Biochem Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

catabolic reaction pathways (exergonic) create what? Anabolic (endergonic) pathways create what?

A

ATP, NADPH,

ADP, NADP+

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3
Q

The ∆G° is the (blank) of this reaction ∆G = ∆G° + RT·ln([Y]/[X])

A

rate constant

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4
Q

What is RT numerically?

A

1.364

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5
Q

what is the free energy equation when non-equilibrium concentrations are known?

A

∆G = ∆G° + RT·ln([Y]/[X])

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6
Q

What is the free energy equation when at equilibrium?

A

∆G° = -RT·lnKeq

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7
Q

What is the free energy equation when heat/cold or disorder are known?

A

∆G = ∆H – T∆S

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8
Q

What are the units of RT if it is 1364

A

cal/mol

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9
Q

What are the units of RT if it is 1.364

A

kcal/mol

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10
Q

∆G < 0: ?∆G > 0: ?∆H < 0: ?∆H > 0: ?

A
  1. exergonic2. endergonic3. exothermic4. endothermic
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11
Q

If ∆H > 0, reaction is spontaneous (∆G < 0) only if ∆S is what?

A

∆S > 0

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12
Q

What effects your ∆G°?

A

nothing

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13
Q

Will decreasing the delta G make the reaction proceed faster, lower the activation energy barrier or catalyze a reaction?

A

NO

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14
Q

What is the ∆G° of ATP hydrolysis?

A

-7 kcal/mol

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15
Q

What does glucose-6 phosphate make?

A

pyruvate

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16
Q

What makes pyruvate?

A

glucose-6 phosphate, lactic acid, alanine, oxaloacetate

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17
Q

What makes acetyl coa?

A

fatty acids, pyruvate, amino acids

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18
Q

How does creatine help out ATP?

A

coupled to produce ATP

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19
Q

How does glucose interact with ATP?

A

couples, makes ADP

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20
Q

What are four high energy compounds?

A

esters (Amide), thiol-esters (acetyl-coA), anhydrides (ATP), guanidium phosphata(CP), enoyl phosphate (PEP)

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21
Q

What electron carriers have a delta g knot of -15kcal/mol?

A

NADH, FADH2

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22
Q

The complex involved in electron transport chain are contained in (blank)

A

inner membrane

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23
Q

ATP synthase is contained in the (blank)

A

inner membrane

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24
Q

where is he pyruvate dehydrogenase complex,

A

matrix

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25
Q

What is the point of ETC?

A

to transfer NADH energy to molecules of ATP.

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26
Q

in the ETC, protons get pumped out of matrix into what?

A

intermembrane space

27
Q

When is the reduction potential (E) positive?

A

for a redox pair with a tendency to acquire electrons

28
Q

When is the reduction potential (E) negative?

A

for a redox pair with a tendency to donate electrons

29
Q

What is the reduction potiential equation?

A

∆G° = -nF∆E°

30
Q

WHat are the two types of flavoproteins?

A

FADH2 and FMNH2

31
Q

flavoproteins can accept (blank) electrons

A

1 or 2

32
Q

What is also called Coenzyme Q or just Q
Can accept one or two electrons
Freely diffusible within inter membrane billayer

A

ubiquinone

33
Q

Heme cofactors in cytochromes contain Fe which can (blank).

A

be reduced or oxidized

34
Q

What do iron sulfer centers do?

A

participate in electron transfer (8 different participate it in)

35
Q

Recent studies support the idea the complex (blank) are associated.

A

I, III, and IV

36
Q

What does Complex I in the electron transport chain do?

A

NADH transfers 2 e- to FMN and Iron sulfers centers into qh2 which pumps 4 H into intermembrane space.

37
Q

How many electrons does Q accept?

A

2e-s

38
Q

What is another name for complex I?

A

NADH dehydrogenase

39
Q

What is the main equation of complex 1?

A

NADH +H+Q- _> NAD+ + QH2

40
Q

ubiquinone is considrered a transfer molecule, Why?

A

because it transfers electrons from complex I to complex II

41
Q

for 1 electron how many hydrogens get pumped through to the inter membrane space?

A

2

42
Q

What complex in electron transport is this?
Contains four subunits, heme b, and a binding site for ubiquinone

Heme b is not on path of electron transfer and is thought to play a role in preventing electron leak

Mutations near heme b lead to hereditary paraganglioma: benign tumors in head and neck

A

Complex II

43
Q

What complex in the ETC is the only one that is membrane bound?

A

Complex II

44
Q

Which complex in ETC uses succinate dehydrogenase, heme b, iron-sulfer centers and binding sites for Q/QH2 and succinate?

A

Complex II

45
Q

What complex uses NADH transfer of electrson which get transfered to FMN then to iron sulfer centers and then QH2?

A

complex I

46
Q

(blank) is a soluble protein in the intermembrane space. It accepts electron and delivers it to complex IV

A

cytochrome c

47
Q

What complex in the ETC has 2 cytochrome b monomorswith vaern in middle of membrane in which ubiquinone is free to move?

A

complex III

48
Q

What complex in the ETC has cytochrome b, c and 2 ironsulfer centers and a rieske iron sulfer protein?

A

complex III

49
Q

What complex has the following equation:

QH2 + 2cyt c (ox) + 2H+N->Q + 2 cyt c (red) + 4H+P

A

complex III

50
Q

What complex in the ETC consists of three subunits with subunit II containing copper and SH from cystein and subunit I containing two heme groups and copper?

A

Complex IV

51
Q

What is another name for complex IV?

A

cytochrome oxidase

52
Q

Summarize the steps in the ETC:

A

NADH to ubiquinone, succinate to ubiquinone, ubiquinone to cytochrom c, cytochrome c to O2-> proton gradient and ATP

53
Q

What 3 types of energy are at work in ATP synthase?

A

Chemical potential (ph inside is alkaline), Proton motive force, electrical potential (inside is negative)

54
Q

In ATP synthase, which piece is the circle yellow piece bound to the inner membrane?

A

Fo

55
Q

Where is the F1 piece of ATP synthase found?

A

inside the matrix

56
Q

what makes the Fo part turn in ATP synthase?

A

hydrogens binding to the negative charge of it and eliciting a confirmational change

57
Q

How is ATP transferred from mito matrix to cytosol?

A

Phosphate translocase, adenine nucleotide translocase (antiporter)

58
Q

How do we get NADH from cytosol into mitochondria matrix?

A

in liver kidney and heart; Malate-Aspartate shuttle.

In skeletal muscle and brain: glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle (intermediates)

59
Q

What inhibits electron transfer?

A

cyanide, CO, Rotenone, and Amytal

60
Q

What inhibits ATP synthase?

A

oligomycin

61
Q

What uncouples phosphorylation from electron transfer?

A

thermogenin

62
Q

What are 6 agents that interfere with oxidative phophorylation?

A

cyanide, CO, rotenone, amytal, oligomycin, thermogenin

63
Q

How does thermogenin uncouple oxidative phosphorylation?

A

it inserts in the membrane and allows protons that were pumped across the membrane to freely diffuse back into the matrix. Activated at points when the body temperature drops and generates Heat rather than ATP

Block 1 W5 (11 decks)

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