Peritoneum and Peritoneal Reflections

Question 1

What are the 2 types of visceral peritoneum?

Answer 1

Mesenteries and visceral ligaments (aka omenta)

Question 2

What are the 4 mesenteries and what do each of them connect?

Answer 2

1. Mesentery - fromloops of intestine to body wall
2. Mesoappendix - from appendix to body wall
3. Transverse mesocolon - from transverse colon to body wall
4. Sigmoid mesocolon - from sigmoid colon to body wall

Question 3

What are the 6 visceral ligaments?

Answer 3

Greater omentum
Lesser omentum (2 parts: hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments)
Falciform ligament (between left and right liver)
Coronary ligament (top of liver)
Gastrosplenic ligament (connects stomach and spleen)
Splenorenal ligament (spleen and kidney)

Question 4

What are the 3 peritoneal sacs?

Answer 4

These are spaces in the peritoneal cavity:
Lesser omental sac
Greater omental sac
These two sacs communicate with each other through the epiploic foramen of Winslow

Question 5

What are the embryonic derivatives of the ventral mesentary?

Answer 5

Coronary ligament
Falciform ligament
Lesser omentum

Question 6

What are the embryonic derivatives of the dorsal mesentary?

Answer 6

Greater omentum
Splenorenal ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Mesentery of small intestine
mesoappendix
transverse mesocolon
sigmoid mesocolon

Question 7

What are the 4 gut tube derivatives?

Answer 7

Pharyngeal gut
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

Question 8

What structures make up the foregut? What artery supplies these regions?

Answer 8

Esophagus
Stomach
1st and 2nd part of duodenum
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder

Supplied by the celiac artery

Question 9

What structures make up the midgut? What artery supplies these regions?

Answer 9

3rd and 4th part of duodenum
Jujunum and ilium
Cecum and vermiform appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

Question 10

What structures make up the hindgut? What artery supplies these regions?

Answer 10

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending and sigmoid colon
Rectum
Proximal portion of anal canal

Supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 11

What are the 2 rotations of the embryonic gut? What are the results?

Answer 11

90 degree logitudinal rotation of foregut towards right side. Brings liver and stomach to the right side and forms greater and lesser omentums

270 degree counterclockwise of midgut frames GI tract by large intestine and brings cecum and appendix to lower right quadrant

Question 12

What structures are intraperitoneal structures? (10)

Answer 12

Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas (tail)
Liver
gall bladder
duodenum (1st part)
small intestine from duodenal-jujunal flexure to ileocecal junction
Cecum and appendix
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 13

What are the primary retroperitoneal structures?

Answer 13

Kidneys
Aorta and inferior vena cava
anal canal
urinary bladder

Question 14

What are the secondary retroperitoneal structures?

Answer 14

Bare area of liver
Duodenum (2nd 3rd 4th parts)
Pancreas (head and body)
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Rectum