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Medical Anatomy > Leg and Ankle Region > Flashcards

Leg and Ankle Region Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the name of the deep fascia of the leg?

A

Crural fascia

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2
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

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3
Q

What does the interosseous membrane connect?

A

Connects the tibia and fibula along interosseous borders

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4
Q

What does the interosseous membrane allow passage of in the upper part and in the lower part?

A

Upper part: permits passage of anterior tibial vessels into anterior compartment
Lower part: permits passage of perforating branch of fibular artery into anterior compartment

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5
Q

What are the 3 groups of retinacula of the ankle?

A
  • superior and inferior extensor retinacula
  • flexor retinaculum
  • superior and inferior fibular retinacula
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6
Q

What causes compartment syndrome?

A

Increase in pressure of facial sheaths causes decreased perfusion

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7
Q

What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the leg? What is their blood and nerve supply?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor halliucis longus
Fibularis tertius

Supplied by anterior tibial artery
supplied by deep fibular nerve

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8
Q

What is the group action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Causes dorsiflexion

Technically, it is hyperextension, but is called dorsiflexion. So the anterior compartment causes hyperextension

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9
Q

What compartment of the leg is the tibialis anterior contained in, what is its nerve supply and what is its action?

A

in the anterior compartment
supplied by deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexes and inverts foot

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10
Q

What compartment of the leg is the extensor digitorum longus in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

in the anterior compartment
supplied by the deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexes foot, extends lateral 4 toes

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11
Q

What compartment of the leg is the extensor hallicus longus in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

in the anterior compartment
supplied by the deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexes foot, extends the great toe

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12
Q

What compartment of the leg is the fibularis tertius in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

in the anterior compartment
supplied by the deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexes and everts foot

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13
Q

What is the anterior tibial artery a branch of, what does it supply, and what does it change its name to at the level of the ankle?

A

is the smaller of the 2 terminal branches of the popliteal artery (arises at the lower border of the popliteal muscle)

  • supplies the anterior compartment
  • becomes the dorsalis pedis artery at the level of the ankle
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14
Q

What nerve does the deep fibular nerve arise from, which muscle does it branch off within off of the main nerve, and what artery does it join with to enter the foot?

A

Arises from the common fibular nerve
-within subtance of fibularis longus muscle
Enters the foot alongside with the dorsalis pedis artery

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15
Q

What muscles are contained in the lateral compartment of the leg? What is the blood and nerve supply of this compartment, and what is their group action?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

Supplied by branches of the fibular artery
Supplied by superficial fibular nerve
group action is eversion

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16
Q

What compartment is the fibularis longus in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

in lateral compartment
Supplied by superficial fibular nerve
everts and plantar flexes the foot

17
Q

What compartment is the fibularis brevis in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

in lateral compartment
supplied by the superifcial fibular nerve
everts and plantar flexes the foot

18
Q

What is the common fibular nerve a branch of, what bone does it wrap around the neck of, and within what muscle does it divide into superficial and deep branches?

A

is a branch of the sciatic nerve
branches around the neck of the fibula
divides into superficial and deep branches within fibularis longus

19
Q

What is the superficial fibular nerve a branch of, and what two muscles does it first lie in between?

A

a branch of the common fibular nerve (divides into these branches within the fibularis longus)
-first lies between the fibularis longus and brevis

20
Q

What muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A 
Superficial:
-gastrocnemius
-plantaris
-soleus
Deep:
-Popliteus
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus
-tibularis posterior
21
Q

What artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg? What is its nerve supply of the posterior compartment? What is the group action?

A

Posterior tibial artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg
supplied by the tibial nerve
group action is plantar flexion

22
Q

What compartment of the leg is the gastrocnemius, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

in the posterior compartment of the leg
supplied by the tibial nerve
plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint

23
Q

What compartment of the leg is the soleus in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action? Does it cross the knee joint?

A

in the posterior compartment of the leg
supplied by the tibial nerve
plantar flexes foot
does not cross the knee joint

24
Q

What tendon is formed by the gastrocnemius bellies plus soleus?

A

Triceps surae which is the main plantar flexor of the foot

25
Q

What compartment of the leg is the plantaris muscle in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

In the posterior compartment
supplied by tibial nerve
assists with plantar flexion of foot and flexion of leg at knee joint

26
Q

What compartment is the popliteus muscle in, what is its nerve supply, what is its action?

A

in the posterior compartment
supplied by the tibial nerve
medial rotation of the tibia if leg is free, lateral rotation of femur if foot is on ground
(unlocks the knee joint)

27
Q

What compartment is the flexor digitorum longus in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

in the posterior compartment
supplied by the tibial nerve
flexes toes and plantar flexes the foot

28
Q

What compartment is the flexor hallucis longus in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

posterior compartment
tibial nerve
flexes great toe and plantar flexes the foot
=note it is on the opposite side of the great toe on the leg, so this muscle and the flexor digitorum longus switch underneath

29
Q

What compartment is the tibialis posterior in, what is its nerve supply, and what is its action?

A

posterior compartment
supplied by tibial nerve
inverts and plantar flexes the foot

30
Q

What is the tibial nerve a branch of, what does it pass behind in the ankle?

A

a branch of the sciatic nerve

passes behind the medial malleoolus

31
Q

What artery accompanies the tibial nerve?

A

the popliteal artery

32
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the popliteal artery, and where does it divide?

A

anterior tibial artery (supplies anterior compartment of leg)
posterior tibial artery (larger; supplies posterior compartment of leg)

divides at the lower border of the popliteus muscle

33
Q

What are the 2 major branches of the posterior tibial artery?

A

Nutrient artery of the tibia

fibular artery

34
Q

What is the main blood supply for the flexor hallucis longus and the lateral compartment muscles (a branch off of the posterior tibial artery)?

A

the fibular artery (which descends between tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longis) is the main blood supply for the flexor hallucis longus and lateral compartment muscles)

35
Q

On the posterior aspect of the ankle, behind the medial malleolus, what is the medial to lateral arrangement of structures?

A

-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-posterior tibial artery
-tibial nerve
-flexor hallucis longus
(Tom Dick and Harry)

36
Q

What structures lie behind the lateral malleolus?

A

Deep to fibular retinacula:

  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis

Superficial to fibular retinacula:
-sural nerve
small saphenous vein

37
Q

On the anterior aspect of the ankle, what is deep to the extensor retinacula from medial to lateral?

A 
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
anterior tibial artery
deep fibular nerve
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
(Tom Harry Dick)
38
Q

What lies superficial to the extensor retinacula?

A

Saphenous nerve and great saphenous vein

and the superficial fibular nerve which supplies skin on top of foot

Medical Anatomy (39 decks)

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