Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries

Question 1

What organs come from the midgut?

Answer 1

Lower duodenum, jejunum, Ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 2

What organs come from the hind gut?

Answer 2

Distal third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper anal canal

Question 3

What arteries supply the foregut?

Answer 3

Celiac trunk: splenic artery, left gastric, common hepatic

Question 4

What arteries supply the midgut?

Answer 4

Superior mesenteric a: ileocolic, right colic, middle colic

Question 5

What arteries supply the hindgut?

Answer 5

Inferior mesenteric: left colic, sigmoid branches, superior rectal

Question 6

What organ gets the same blood supply as the foregut but does not develop from it?

Answer 6

Spleen

Question 7

Which layer of the peritoneum has abundant somatic pain fibers via nerves from body wall?

Answer 7

Parietal layer

Visceral layer (serosa) lacks pain fibers

Question 8

What is rigid abdomen?

Answer 8

A stiffness of the stomach that occurs when it is touched, involuntary response to prevent pain caused by pressure on your abdomen (protective guarding)

Question 9

Visceral peritoneum is insensitive to what ?

Answer 9

Touch, heat, cold, laceration

Question 10

Visceral peritoneum is sensitive to what?

Answer 10

Stretching and chemical irritation

Crampy, colicky referred pain

Question 11

What are the primarily Retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 11

Kidneys, ureters, adrenals, gonads, aorta and inferior vena cava (not part of the gut tube)

Question 12

What organs are secondarily Retroperitoneal?

Answer 12

Duodenum (partial), pancreas, ascending and descending colon

Question 13

Describe the ventral mesentery

Answer 13

Attached to the stomach = mesogastrium
Only extends from the respiratory diaphragm to the duodenum
(Foregut only)

Question 14

What does the dorsal aorta and its 3 branches run through?

Answer 14

Dorsal mesentery

Question 15

What are the 4 subdivisions of mesentery ?

Answer 15

THE mesentery
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon
Mesoappendix

Question 16

Name the peritoneal ligaments

Answer 16

Greater omentum: Gastrosplenic ligament, Gastrocolic ligament, Gastrophrenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament
Lesser omentum: Hepatogastric ligament, Hepatoduodenal ligament
Liver: coronary ligaments, right and left triangular ligament, falciform ligament (lig. Teres)

Question 17

What does the lesser omentum develop from?

Answer 17

Ventral mesogastrium

Question 18

What ligament contains the portal triad?

Answer 18

Hepatoduodenal ligament (part of lesser omentum)

Question 19

What makes up the portal triad?

Answer 19

Common bile duct, proper hepatic a. And hepatic portal vein

Question 20

What does the greater omentum develop from?

Answer 20

Dorsal mesogastrium

Question 21

What ligament is not derived from ventral mesentery but is remnant of umbilical vein?

Answer 21

Teres ligament

Question 22

What are minor folds?

Answer 22

A ridge or elevation in the peritoneum produced by underlying vessels

Question 23

What are minor fossae?

Answer 23

Recesses

Depressions between folds

Question 24

What are the folds and fossae around the duodenum?

Answer 24

Superior duodenal fold and fossa
Inferior duodenal fold and fossa
Paraduodenal fossa
Retro duodenal fossa

Question 25

What forms the folds around the duodenum?

Answer 25

Inferior mesenteric vein posterior to peritoneum

Question 26

What forms the median umbilical fold?

Answer 26

Fibrous remnant of the urachus that is obliterated. Connected fetal bladder to umbilicus

Question 27

What forms the medial umbilical folds?

Answer 27

Obliterated umbilical arteries (medial umbilical ligaments)

Question 28

What forms lateral umbilical folds?

Answer 28

Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 29

What is the falciform ligament?

Answer 29

Curved remnant of the ventral mesogastrium with the ligaments teres hepatic in its lower free border

Question 30

Describe the supravesical fossa?

Answer 30

Between the median and medial umbilical folds | Site for supravesical hernias which are rare

Question 31

Describe the medial inguinal fossa

Answer 31

Between the medial and lateral umbilical folds Site for direct inguinal hernias Also called inguinal triangle

Question 32

Describe the lateral inguinal fossa

Answer 32

Lateral to the lateral umbilical folds | Site for indirect inguinal hernias

Question 33

What can the greater sac be subdivided into?

Answer 33

Supracolic and infracolic regions by the colon and transverse mesocolon

Question 34

Describe the supramesocolic (supracolic) region

Answer 34

``` Superior and anterior to the liver and stomach Includes hepatorenal (subhepatic) and subphrenic spaces and fossae of the anterior wall ```

Question 35

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 35

potential space between parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum that has recesses and fossae that abscesses may develop and excess fluid pool (Subphrenic, subhepatic, rectovesical recesses) 'closed' in male; 'open' in female, from outside the body to the female peritoneal cavity

Question 36

Describe the parts of the inframesocolic (infracolic) region? Which parts communicate with the pelvic cavithy?

Answer 36

Right and left paracolic gutters are lateral to ascending and descending colon Upper and lower parts divided by THE mesentery into right and left infracolic spaces (Intraperitoneal infections can spread) Left infracolic communicates with pelvic cavity

Question 37

What limits the spread of fluid superiorly from the inframesocolic region?

Answer 37

Phrenicocolic ligament

Question 38

Where is the superior recess of the lesser sac?

Answer 38

Posterior to the liver

Question 39

Where is the inferior recess of the lesser sac?

Answer 39

Potential space btwn the 2 layers of the Gastrocolic ligament

Question 40

Where is the splenic recess of the lesser sac?

Answer 40

Posterior to and left of the stomach

Question 41

What is the opening between the greater and lesser sacs?

Answer 41

Epiploic foramen

Question 42

What is anterior to the epiploic foramen to of Winslow?

Answer 42

Hepatoduodenal ligament with the portal vein, hepatic a, and bile duct

Question 43

What is posterior to the epiploic foramen?

Answer 43

IVC, diaphragm

Question 44

What is superior to the epiploic foramen?

Answer 44

Liver, caudate lobe

Question 45

What is inferior to the epiploic foramen?

Answer 45

1st part of Duodenum

Question 46

What organs come from the foregut?

Answer 46

Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, upper duodenum