Organs of the GI Tract Flashcards
What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
When the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens
Abdominal esophagus and parts of the stomach herniates into thorax
What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
A defect in the diaphragm next to the esophageal hiatus
Permits fundus of stomach to herniate (not usually the esophagus)
What regions is the stomach found?
Left hypochondraic and epigastric regions
Where are the ends of the stomach fixed?
Left end - T10-11
Right end - L1-2
Where is the duodenum approximately located? How long is it?
At the L1 to L4 vertebral bodies
Ten inches
The duodenum is (retroperitoneal/intraperitoneal). What are the exceptions?
Retroperitoneal
Exceptions are where the transverse mesocolon crosses the 2nd part.
1st part is surrounded by hepatoduodenal ligament
Root of mesentery begins at duodenojejunal flexure
What is the first part of the duodenum held in place by?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Where does the bile and pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum?
2nd part of duodenum at major duodenal papilla
What part of the duodenum does the superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery cross?
anterior surface of the 3rd part of the duodenum
What is surrounds the 2nd part of the duodenum.
Posterior: Right kidney and ureter
Anterior: Fundus of gall bladder, right lobe of liver, transverse colon and small intestine
Anterolateral: ascending colon, colic flexure, and right lobe of liver
Medial: head of pancreas, common bile duct, pancreatic duct
What are posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum? what is anterior?
Posterior: Left margin of aorta and medial border of psoas muscle
Anterior: the root of THE mesentery and jejunum
What is the 4th part of the duodenum helpd in place by?
Suspensory ligament of the duodenum of treitz
Describe the jejunum physical characteristics compared to ileum
8 - 10 feet long
Jejunum is 2/5 of free small intestine
simple vascular arcades, long vasa recta, more vascular (more red in living state)
greater diameter, thicker, more plicae circularis (more feathery in xray)
Describe the ileum physical characteristics compared to jejunum
10-12 feet 3/5 of small free intestines compound vascular arcades shorter vasa recta less vascular smaller diameter thinner wall fewer plicae circularis diverticulum ilei may be present
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine?
Meckel’s ileal diverticulum
What is Meckel’s diverticulum?
A possible feature of the ileum Arise from antimesenteric border 2% of population 2 feet from Ileo-cecal junction 2 inch present at 2 years of life 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic) remnant of vitelline duct
What are taenia coli?
3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon
Converge at the root of the appendix
What do taenia coli produce?
haustrae that slow the movement of feces
What are the tags of fat on the large intestines called?
epiploic appendages
What part of the large intestines does not have epiploic appendages?
cecum
What line joins the tops of the anal columns?
anorectal line
What is the dilated terminal part of the rectum ?
rectal ampulla
What line joins the inferior ends of the anal valves?
pectinate line/dentate line
What does the spleen develop in?
dorsal mesentery from mesoderm
