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GI - MSI Spring > Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What divides true pelvis from false pelvis?

A

Linea terminalis/Pelvic inlet

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2
Q

What makes up the linea terminalis?

A

arcuate line, pecten pubis, sacral promontory

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3
Q

What is the linea semilunaris ?

A

lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle

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4
Q

Where is the linea alba?

A

Midline

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5
Q

What is the subcostal plane?

A

a horizontal plane at the 10th costal cartilages

Superior border LV3

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6
Q

What is the transtubercular plane?

A

A horizontal plane at the Tubercles of the iliac crests and body of LV5

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7
Q

What is the transumbilical plane?

A

A horizontal plane that is at LV3-4 and similar to supracristal plane (crosses the superior edges of the iliac crest)

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8
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

Horizontal plane that is at the T12-LV 1
Halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis
Goes through the pyloric part of the stomach which is ‘fixed’

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9
Q

What is a midclavicular plane?

A

Vertical plane that is midpoint of clavicle and midinguinal point

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10
Q

What is a midsagittal plane?

A

It is a median vertical line that passes through umbilicus and is aligned with linea alba

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11
Q

Davis’s ex was looking for revenge and brutally stabbed him in the R.U.Q, and he was left for dead. what could be damaged?

A

gallbladder, duodenum, right pleura, liver (right lobe), right kidney, pylorus of stomach, head of pancreas, ascending colon (superior part) and transverse colon (right half)

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12
Q

Davis got kicked in the L.U.Q by a horse. What could be damaged?

A

Spleen, stomach, left pleura, tail of the pancreas, left kidney, Liver (left lobe), jejunum and proximal ileum, Transverse colon (left half), descending colon (superior part)

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13
Q

Davis was walking in the park when an arrow from katniss struck his RLQ. What could have been pierced and skewered and then eaten?

A

right ureter, cecum, ileal diverticulum, vermiform appendix

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14
Q

Davis was trying to save a cat off of a rail in a construction site when he fell and was impaled by a bar in the LLQ. The cat was an illusion all along. What was damaged besides his brain?

A

Left ureter

descending and sigmoid colon

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15
Q

What abdominal wall muscle forms the cremaster muscle?

A

Internal oblique

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16
Q

What do the nerve, arteries and veins run between in the abdomen layers?

A

the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

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18
Q

what makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Internal abdominal oblique fibers

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19
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

the external abdominal oblique

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20
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

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21
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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22
Q

What has a sharp free edge that cuts into the femoral canal which enlarges with a femoral hernia?

A

Lacunar ligament and the pectineal ligament

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23
Q

what two muscles come together to form the conjoint tendon?

A

internal abdominal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle

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24
Q

what is the valsalva maneuver?

A

contraction of the abdominal and thoracic muscles together, with the glottis closed, raises thoracoabdominal pressure

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25
What is the Scarpa's fascia continuous with?
With fascia lata of thigh, deep layer of superficial perineal fascia (colles') and penis/scrotum
26
What is the Camper's fascia continuous with?
The fatty superficial layer in thorax and thighs
27
Where to superficial blood vessels run in?
Fatty layer of superficial fascia
28
The deep fascia of the abdominal wall is continuous over what?
Over spermatic cord as external spermatic fascia | Continues over pubis and perineal muscles as deep perineal fascia
29
Where is the potential space that fluid can leak into the scrotum?
Between the membranous layer of superficial fascia and the deep fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle
30
Where is the Arcuate line approximately located?
About 1/2 way between umbilicus and pubic symphysis
31
What two layers of the rectus sheath lies deep below the transversalis fascia?
Extra peritoneal tissue | Parietal peritoneum
32
Where do the deep system of arteries originate from?
Superiorly: subclavian artery via internal thoracic Mid: abdominal aorta Inferiorly: external iliac a.
33
Where does the superficial system of arteries arise from?
Superiorly: perforating branches Inferiorly: branches of femoral a.
34
The superficial drainage of blood occurs within what fascia?
Campers fascia
35
What is the major drainage vessel of the anterior abdominal wall?
Thoracoepigastric vv. | Lateral thoracic vv. And superficial epigastric vv
36
Lateral cutaneous branches emerge anterior __________ region, bifurcate into ______ and _______ branches
Axillary | Anterior and posterior
37
Anterior cutaneous branches end with ____ and _____ branches.
Medial and lateral
38
Describe the sensory dermatome of the abdomen
T7-L1 T7-xiphoid region T10 - umbilical region L1 - inguinal fold region
39
What are the nerves that innervate the muscles of the abdomen, skin and parietal peritoneum?
Intercostal nn (T7-T11) Subcostal n. (T12) Lumbar nn. (L1-L4)
40
Iliohypogastric n
L1 (sometimes also T12) Exits the posterior abdominal wall btwn quadratus lumborum and Psoas muscles Becomes lateral cutaneous branch and anterior cutaneous branch (supplies supra public region)
41
Ilioinguinal n
L1 Exits between quadratus lumborum and Psoas mm. Enters inguinal canal and emerges through superficial inguinal ring Supplies groin, thigh, and scrotum/lambing majus q
42
Genitofemoral n.
L1 and L12 | Exits through Psoas m. And runs btwn peritoneum and Psoas m.
43
Genital branch
Enters inguinal canal thorugh deep inguinal ring and exits through superficial ring Innervate so cremaster muscle or cutaneous to labium majus
44
Femoral branch(s)
Exits inferior to inguinal ligament | Cutaneous to femoral triangle area
45
Describe umbilical hernias in infants
Involves the umbilicus Scar of umbilicus did not heal completely Usually small and wider transversely Usually heals spontaneously
46
Describe umbilical hernias in adults
Results from weakened abdominal wall around umbilicus Usually superior to umbilical scar More common in women Requires surgical repair
47
What is an epigastric hernia?
Hernia of the Linea Alba that does not involve the umbilicus Protrudes through Linea Alba Usually superior to umbilicus More common in men Repaired surgically if large or symptomatic
48
Where does the inguinal canal 'start'?
At the deep inguinal ring about midpoint of the inguinal ligament
49
What is the deep inguinal ring?
An evagination of transversalis fascia
50
What do the testes develop from?
Develop retroperitoneally from the urogenital ridge of mesoderm in the upper lumbar/lower thoracic region.
51
What are testes attached to that guides the migration?
Gubernaculum - attached Inferiorly to labial-scrotal fold
52
In the male, what develops and pushes into labial-scrotal swelling?
Processes vaginalis
53
When the testes reach to scrotum, where should the slide into?
Posterior to the processus vaginalis (which should close)
54
What does the processus vaginalis become?
Tunica vaginalis
55
What is cryptochidism?
Undescended testes that can be bilateral or unilateral | Often associated with prematurity
56
What are hydroceles?
Fluid in the tunica vaginalis
57
What is hematocele?
Blood in the tunica vaginalis
58
Describe what layers of the anterior abdominal wall becomes to layers of the scrotum, and coverings of the testis and spermatic cord
``` Skin = skin Subcutaneous tissue (campers/Scarpa's) = Dartos muscle/fascia External oblique muscle/fascia = external spermatic fascia Internal oblique m = cremaster muscle Internal oblique fascia = cremaster if fascia Transversalis fascia = internal spermatic fascia Peritoneum = tunica vaginalis ```
59
What layer of the anterior abdominal wall does NOT contribute to the layers and converting a of the scrotum, testis, and spermatic cord?
Transversus abdominus muscle
60
Primitive ovaries are attached to a gubernaculum which is attached to what?
Labioscrotal fold
61
What does the gubernaculum form in the female?
Round ligaments of the ovary and round ligaments of the uterus
62
What are the inguinal canal contents of the female?
Round ligament of the uterus, ilioinguinal n., genital branch of genitofemoral n.
63
What are the contents of the inguinal canal of males?
Ductus deferens, ilioinguinal n., genital branch of genitofemoral n. , testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of veins all surrounded by fascial layers
64
What holds the testes in the scrotum?
Gubernaculum
65
What are the testis and epididymis partially covered by?
Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layer)
66
What carries sperm from testes to head of epididymis?
Efferent ductules
67
What is continuous with tail of epididymis?
Ductus deferens
68
What is the connective tissue capsule of the testis called?
Tunica albuginea
69
What is a femoral hernia?
A hernia that exits the abdomen through the femoral cnal, inferior to the inguinal ligament More common in female
70
Inguinal hernias are differentiated by their location relative to what?
inferior epigastric vessels
71
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
Medial to the inferior epigastric a. pushes 'directly' through the anterior abdominal wall (hesselbach's triangle) usually due to weak conjoint tendon more often bilateral more common in older males
72
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
lateral to inferior epigastric a. goes through inguinal ring through canal and exits superficial inguinal ring common in young males (often due to incomplete closure of processus vaginalis)
73
Are direct or indirect inguinal hernias most common?
indirect
74
What is a supracristal plane?
Highest points of iliac crests; spinous process of L4
75
Superficial lymphatics above the umbilicus drain to ______
Axillary and sternal lymph nodes
76
Superficial lymphatics below the umbilicus drain to ______
Superficial inguinal nodes (Arranged in a "T" located just inferior to inguinal ligament. they receive drainage from lower abdomen, perineum and genitalia and lower limb
77
What is a spigelian hernia?
Hernia at the semilunar line of the anterior rectus sheath

GI - MSI Spring (11 decks)

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