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MD3002 > Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum

A

Thin serous membrane

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2
Q

Compare the peritoneal cavity in men and women

A
  • Men= completely closed cavity

- Women= potential indirect communication with exterior

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3
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity divided into

A

Greater and lesser sacs

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4
Q

What structures does the peritoneum form

A
  • Omenta
  • Mesenteries
  • Ligaments
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5
Q

Where does the greater sac extend between

A

Diaphragm to pelvis

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6
Q

Where is the lesser sac found

A
  • Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

- Extends slightly into greater omentum

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7
Q

What is the right free border of the lesser sac

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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8
Q

How do the 2 sacs communicate

A

Epiploic foramen

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9
Q

Where is the pancreas found

A

Lesser sac

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10
Q

What is Pringle’s manoeuvre

A

During surgery, the hepatic artery proper and portal vein can be compressed with fingers/haemostat to control bleeding

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11
Q

Anterior border of epiploic foramen

A

Free border of lesser omentum (with common bile duct, hepatic artery proper and portal vein)

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12
Q

Posterior border of epiploic foramen

A

Inferior vena cava

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13
Q

Superior border of epiploic foramen

A

Caudate process of caudate lobe of liver

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14
Q

Inferior border of epiploic foramen

A

First part of duodenum

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15
Q

What is the lesser omentum derived from

A

Ventral mesentery

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16
Q

Where does the lesser omentum pass between

A
  • Lesser curvature and first part of duodenum

- Inferior border of liver

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17
Q

How can the lesser omentum be subdivided

A
  • Hepatogastric ligament

- Hepatoduodenal ligament

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18
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain

A
  • Hepatic artery proper
  • Hepatic portal vein
  • Common bile duct
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19
Q

What is the greater omentum derived from

A

Dorsal mesentery

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20
Q

What is the greater omentum attached to

A
  • Greater curvature of stomach

- First part of duodenum

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21
Q

What does the greater omentum overlie

A
  • Transverse colon

- Much of small intestine

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22
Q

Which parts of the greater omentum are free

A

Lateral and inferior borders are free

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23
Q

Why is the greater omentum considered the policeman of the abdomen

A

If there is inflammation or perforation, greater omentum migrates and attempts to contain/plug this

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24
Q

Why may a mass be felt in the RLQ with appendicitis

A

Due to migration of the greater omentum

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25
Q

What is the mesentery derived from

A

Dorsal mesentery

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26
Q

Function of the mesentery

A

Connects the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall

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27
Q

Describe the passage of the base of the mesentery

A
  • Starts left of L2

- Passes obliquely downwards to the right, ending just above the right sacroiliac joint

28
Q

What does the mesentery cross

A
  • 3rd part of duodenum
  • Aorta
  • IVC
  • Right gonadal vessels
  • Right ureter
29
Q

What is found within the mesentery

A
  • Branches of superior mesenteric vessels
  • Nerves
  • Lymphatics
30
Q

Function of the sigmoid mesocolon

A

Connects the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall

31
Q

Where is the root of the sigmoid mesocolon

A

Left iliac fossa

32
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon cross

A
  • Bifurcation of the left common iliac vessels

- Left ureter

33
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon transmit

A
  • Sigmoid branches of inferior mesenteric vessels
  • Nerves
  • Lymphatics
34
Q

Function of the transverse mesocolon

A

Suspends the transverse colon from the posterior abdominal wall

35
Q

Where is the root of the transverse mesocolon found

A

Inferior to the pancreas

36
Q

What does the transverse mesocolon transmit

A

Branches of middle colic vessels

37
Q

How can the greater sac be further divided

A
  • Supracolic compartment

- Infracolic compartment

38
Q

What does the supra colic compartment contain

A
  • Duodenum
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
39
Q

What does the infra colic compartment contain

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Ascending and descending colon
40
Q

What communicates with the supra colic and infra colic compartments

A

Paracolic gutters

41
Q

What are paracolic gutters

A

Grooves between the lateral aspect of the ascending and descending colon and posterolateral abdominal wall

42
Q

Describe the hepatorenal recess

A
  • Part of peritoneal cavity on the right side between the liver and right kidney and right suprarenal gland
  • Continuous with the subphrenic recess
  • Fluid may collect here if patient is recumbent
43
Q

What are the deepest parts of the pelvic cavity

A

Rectovesical and rectouterine pouches

44
Q

What is the rectovesical pouch

A

Separates rectum from urinary bladder (men)

45
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch

A

Separates rectum from uterus

46
Q

What is the vesicouterine pouch

A

Separates urinary bladder from uterus

47
Q

What is a peritoneal fold

A

Reflection of peritoneum

48
Q

What folds are there on the posterior abdominal wall

A
  • Median umbilical fold
  • Medial umbilical folds
  • Lateral umbilical folds
49
Q

What is the median umbilical fold the remnant of

A

Urachus (extends from the urinary bladder to umbilicus)

50
Q

What is the medial umbilical fold the remnant of

A

Umbilical arteries

51
Q

What is the lateral umbilical fold the remnant of

A

Inferior epigastric arteries

52
Q

What recesses are there between the peritoneal folds

A
  • Supravesical fossa (between median and medial)
  • Medial umbilical fossa
  • Lateral umbilical fossa (lateral to lateral fold)
53
Q

What does the lateral umbilical fossa contain

A

Deep inguinal ring

54
Q

Define intraperitoneal

A
  • Almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum

- Suspended by a mesentery

55
Q

Define retroperitoneal

A
  • Lie behind or outside the peritoneum

- Only partially covered with visceral peritoneum

56
Q

Define secondary retroperitoneal

A

Initially intraperitoneal but migrates retroperitoneally during embryogenesis and lose their mesentery

57
Q

Give examples of circulatory retroperitoneal organs

A
  • Abdominal aorta

- IVC

58
Q

Give examples of digestive retroperitoneal organs

A
  • Oesophagus (final part)

- Rectum (middle 1/3 with lower 1/3 totally extraperitoneak)

59
Q

Give examples of urinary retroperitoneal organs

A
  • Suprarenal glands
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
60
Q

Give examples of secondary retroperitoneal organs

A
  • Pancreas (except tail)
  • Duodenum (except first part)
  • Ascending and descending colon
61
Q

Does irritation of parietal peritoneum refer

A

No

62
Q

What supplies diaphragmatic peritoneum

A

Phrenic nerves

63
Q

What supplies pelvic parietal peritoneum

A

Obturator nerves (L2-4)

64
Q

What is parietal peritoneum sensitive to

A
  • Pain (well-localised, unlike for visceral)
  • Temperature
  • Touch
  • Pressure
65
Q

What supplies visceral peritoneum

A

Autonomic afferent nerves that also supply the viscera

66
Q

What is visceral peritoneum sensitive to

A

Stretch/tearing (causes diffuse and poorly localised pain)

MD3002 (14 decks)

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