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FOCA > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main branches of the nervous system?

A
  1. central nervous system

2. peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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3
Q

what structures are included in the PNS?

A
  1. spinal nerves and their associate ganglia
  2. cranial nerves and their associated ganglia
  3. enteric nervous system (w/i gut)
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4
Q

what are the two types of neuronal cell morphologies present in the human body?

A
  1. multipolar

2. pseudounipolar

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5
Q

what are the main structural components of a multipolar neuron?

A
  1. axon
  2. body
  3. dendrites
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6
Q

what are the main structural components of a pseudounipolar neuron?

A
  1. cell body

2. axon

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7
Q

multipolar neruon

A

efferent neuron, signal travels away from cell body

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8
Q

pseudounipolar neuron

A

afferent (AKA sensory) neuron, signal travels toward cell body

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9
Q

where are multipolar neurons found?

A
  1. cell bodies are ventral gray horn of the spinal cord

2. ganglia in periphery

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10
Q

where are pseudounipolar neurons found?

A

dorsal root ganglia

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11
Q

what are the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  1. somatic nervous system

2. visceral nervous system

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12
Q

what is a similarity between the somatic and visceral nervous divisions of the PNS?

A

have both afferent and efferent neurons (multipolar and pseudounipolar)

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13
Q

what 4 types of tissues are innervated by the somatic division of the PNS?

A

body wall and limbs:

  1. skin (everything except blood vessels and sweat glands)
  2. muscle (skeletal)
  3. bone (periosteum)
  4. joints (fibrous portions of capsules)
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14
Q

what 7 types of tissues/structures are innervated by the visceral division of the PNS?

A

contents of body cavities, blood vessels, everywhere:

  1. smooth muscle
  2. cardiac muscle
  3. lungs
  4. exocrine and endocrine glands
  5. contents of body cavities
  6. blood vessels
  7. glands
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15
Q

what are the 3 different types of muscles, what division of the PNS innervates them?

A

skeletal: somatic
cardiac: visceral
smooth: visceral

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16
Q

what are the similarities between the afferent somatic and afferent visceral divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. cell body (pseudounipolar) located in spinal ganglion (dorsal root ganglion)
  2. central axon innervates neurons in CNS
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17
Q

what distinguishes the afferent somatic and afferent visceral divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. somatic: conveys touch, vibration, temp, proprioception, somatic pain (highly localized pain)
  2. visceral: peripheral axon innervates viscera, conveys visceral pain (poorly localized) and other visceral sensations
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18
Q

what distinguishes the efferent somatic and efferent visceral divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. somatic: cell body (LARGE, multipolar), located in CNS, axon directly innervates skeletal muscle
  2. visceral: cell body (SMALL, multipolar), located in CNS communicates with second neuron (SMALL, multipolar), that innervates visceral tissue
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19
Q

where do the somatic afferent neurons enter the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

dorsal root

20
Q

where to the somatic efferent neurons enter the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

ventral root

21
Q

where do the somatic afferent and efferent neurons come together lateral to the spinal cord?

A

ventral ramus

22
Q

where do the the visceral afferent neurons enter the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

dorsal root

23
Q

where to the visceral efferent neurons enter the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

ventral root

24
Q

where are the cell bodies of the somatic efferent nervous system found in the spinal cord?

A

ventral horn of the gray matter

25
Q

where are the cell bodies of the visceral efferent nervous system found in the spinal cord?

A

intermediolateral cell column and in peripheral ganglia (because there are 2)

26
Q

which division of the PNS always has two neurons that work together to relay a signal?

A

visceral efferent

27
Q

dermatome

A

patch of skin innervated by somatic sensory neurons found in a particular DRG (dorsal root ganglion)

28
Q

myotome

A

group of muscles innervated by the somatic motor neurons whose axons exit the spinal cord in a particular spinal nerve

29
Q

nerve plexus

A

portions of the ventral rami of the peripheral nerves where axons redistribute in order to carry signals to appropriate location

30
Q

name the 4 plexuses in the body

A
  1. cervical nerve plexus (C1-C4)
  2. brachial nerve plexus (C5-T1)
  3. lumbar nerve plexus (L1-L4)
  4. sacral nerve plexus (L4-S4)
31
Q

radiculopathy

A

damage to spinal nerve, would manifest as issue w/ sensory and neuron function

32
Q

mononeuropathy

A

damage to peripheral nerve that would manifest as an issue w/ either sensory and neuron function of that nerves

33
Q

conus medullaris

A

inferior portion of the spinal cord (may terminate between T12 and L3)

34
Q

cervical enlargement

A

extends from C4 through T1, associated with the brachial plexus

35
Q

lumbosacral elnargement

A

extends from L2 through S3, associated with the lumbar and sacral plexuses

36
Q

lumbar cistern/subarachnoid space

A

area that contains the cauda equina

37
Q

number of pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

cervical: 8
thoracic: 12
lumbar: 5
sacral: 5
coccygeal: 1

38
Q

what structures make up the CNS?

A

brain, spinal cord

39
Q

what structures make up the PNS?

A

nerve fibers and cell bodies

40
Q

name the meninges that surround the spinal cord from deep to superficial

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid
  3. pia mater
41
Q

where is CSF found in the meninges surrounding the spinal cord?

A

subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)

42
Q

discuss the two spinal enlargements and where they are found

A
  1. cervical enlargement (around C5)

2. lumbar enlargement (around L12)

43
Q

where at what level does the conus medullaris usually fall w/i the vertebral column?

A

around L1

44
Q

what are the specialized structures derived from the pia mater?

A
  1. filum terminale internum

2. denticulate ligament

45
Q

filum terminale

A

structures that lies among the cauda equina, derived from pia mater at base of conus medullaris.

FOCA (7 decks)

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