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FOCA > Module 2: Upper Limb > Flashcards

Module 2: Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is the rib span of the scapula?

A

2nd -7th rib

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2
Q

acromial facet of the clavicle

A

area that articulates w/ acromion of the scapula

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3
Q

pectoralis major

A
  1. proximal attachment: ant. med. surface of clavicle, lateral edge of sternocostal head (superior 6 cartilages)
  2. distal attachment: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus. clavicular head
  3. innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves, (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)
  4. action: adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.
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4
Q

pectoralis minor

A
  1. proximal attach: 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilages.
  2. distal attach: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula.
  3. innervation: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
  4. action: stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall.
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5
Q

serratus anterior

A
  1. prox. attach: external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs.
  2. dist. attach: ant. surface of med. border of scapula.
  3. innervation long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
  4. action: protract scap. and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula.
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6
Q

lateral pectoral nerve

A

nerve of the BP. comes off of lateral cord which is on the superior trunk of the BP. innervates pectoralis major, some nerve fibers pass to pec. minor via branch to medial pectoral nerve. C5, C6, C7.

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7
Q

medial pectoral nerve

A

nerve of the BP. comes of anterior division of the inferior trunk of the BP. innervates pectoralis minor and substernal costal part of pec. major. C8, T1.

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8
Q

Colles fracture

A

fracture of the distal 2cm of the radius, often due to falling on extended wrists, very common in folks >50 (or anyone)

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9
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

fracture of the scaphpoid. pain in the lateral side of the wrist, dangerous because may lead to avascular necrosis of the proximal fragment of the scaphoid, BAD NEWS. check the snuffbox everyone.

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10
Q

deltoid proximal attachment (origination)

A

clavicular part, acromial part, scapular part (SAC)

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11
Q

deltoid distal attachment (insertion)

A

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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12
Q

innervation of deltoid muscle

A

axillary nerves (C5-C6)

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13
Q

supraspinatous proximal attachment (origination)

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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14
Q

supraspinatous distal attachment (insertion)

A

superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus

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15
Q

supraspinatous innervation

A

suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)

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16
Q

infraspinatus proximal attachment (origination)

A

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

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17
Q

infraspinatus distal attachment (insertion)

A

middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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18
Q

innervation of the infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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19
Q

teres minor proximal attachment

A

lateral side of the scapula

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20
Q

teres minor distal attachment

A

inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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21
Q

teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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22
Q

teres major proximal attachment

A

inferior part of the lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of the inferior angle of scapula

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23
Q

teres major distal attachment

A

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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24
Q

teres major innervation

A

lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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25
subscapularis proximal attachment
subscapular fossa (most anterior surface of scapula)
26
subscapularis distal attachment
lesser tubercle of the humerus
27
subscapularis innervation
upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C7)
28
subscapularis action
internally rotates upper arm
29
teres major action
adducts and medially rotates shoulder
30
teres minor action
laterally rotates shoulder w/ infraspinatous, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
31
infraspinatous action
laterally rotates shoulder w/ teres minor, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
32
supraspinatous action
initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of shoulder, acts w/ other rotator cuff muscles
33
deltoid action
clavicular part flexes and medially rotates shoulder joint; acromial part abducts shoulder joint; spinal part extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint
34
what nerve passes through the carpal tunnerl
medial nerve
35
posterior triangle
area of the lateral cervical region where the brachial plexus begins
36
what rami make up the roots of the BP?
ventral rami of C5-T1
37
dorsal scapular nerve ramus number
C5
38
what vascular landmarks in the posterior triangle can help you identify the roots of the BP?
subclavian vein and the subclavian artery
39
structures innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
rhomboids (sometimes levator scapulae)
40
structures innervated by the suprascapular nerve
supraspinatus and infraspinatus; blenohumeral joint
41
structures innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve
pectoralis major
42
structures innervated by the long thoracic nerve
serratus anterior
43
structures innervated by the upper subscapular nerve
superior portion of the subscapularis
44
structures innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve
latissimus dorsi
45
structures innervated by the lower subscapularis nerve
inferior portion of subscauplaris and teres major
46
structures innervated by the medial pectoral nerve
pectoralis minor and part of pectoralis major
47
structures innervated by the medial brachial cutaneous nerve
skin of medial side of arm, as far distal as the medial epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon of ulna
48
structures innervated by the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
skin of medial side of forearm (as far distal as wrist)
49
structures innervated by the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
skin of medial side of forearm (as far distal as wrist)
50
structures innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis); skin of lateral aspect of forearm
51
cord that leads to MC nerve
lateral
52
rami of the median nerve
C6, C7, C8, T1
53
cord that leads to the median nerve
both lateral and medial cords
54
rami of the ulnar nerve
C8, T1
55
cord that leads to the ulnar nerve
medial
56
rami of the radial nerve
C5, C6, C7, C8
57
cord that leads to the radial nerve
posterior
58
rami of the axillary nerve
C5, C6
59
cord that leads to the axillary nerve
posterior
60
cord that leads to the axillary nerve
posterior
61
structures innervated by the median nerve
muscles of the anterior forearm compartment (except for flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorium profundus), five intrinsic muscles of palm and palmar skin
62
structures innervated by the ulnar nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus (forearm); most intrinsic muscles of hand; skin of the hand medial to axial line of digit 4.
63
what are the "one and a half" anterior muscles of the forearm that are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
FCU (flexor carpi ulnaris) and part of FDP (flexor digitorum profundus)
64
structures innervated by the radial nerve
all muscles of posterior compartments of arm and forearm; skin of posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm , and dorsum of hand lateral to axial line of digit 4
65
which is the more lateral head of the biceps brachii?
long head (Long Lateral)
66
structures innervated by the axillary nerve
glenohumeral joint, teres minor, deltoid, skin of superolateral arm (skin over deltoid)
67
what are the 5 groups of axillary lymph nodes?
HCASP (clockwise, starting from top left- 1-3 are in line with the axillary vein) 1. humeral (lateral) 2. central l 3. apical 4. subscapular (posterior) 5. pectoral
68
deltopectoral groove
surface anatomy, triangular groove inferior to the middle portion of the clavicle. marks the area where the large vessels and brachial plexus are underneath the skin. formed by the clavicle superiorly, the deltoid laterally, the clavicular head of the pectoralis major medially.
69
location/span of axillary artery
begins at lateral border of 1st rib, continuation of subclavian artery, ends at inferior border of teres major. passes post. to pec. minor. becomes brachial art. when it passes distal to inferior border of teres major.
70
name the branches of the 1st part of the axillary artery
superior thoracic artery
71
name the branches of the 2nd part of the axillary artery
thoraco-acromial artery | lateral thoracic artery
72
name the branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery
subscapular artery (largest branch of axillary artery) anterior circumflex humeral artery posterior circumflex humeral artery (SAP)
73
name the first layer of antebrachial flexors (medial to lateral)
flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus flexor carpi radialis brachialis
74
flexor carpi ulnaris proximal attachment
olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis)
75
flexor carpi ulnaris distal attachment
pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
76
coronoid process of the ulna
proximal portion of ulna, fits into the coronoid fossa
77
location of the head of the ulna
lateral aspect of the most distal area of the ulna
78
location of the head of the radius
most proximal part of the radius
79
location of the tuberosity of radius
proximal, medial on the radius
80
location of the tuberosity of ulna
superior to the tuberosity of the radius. proximal, lateral on the ulna
81
locations of the styloid processes of the radius and ulna
both are located distally
82
olecranon
portion of the ulna that articulates w/ the humerus posteriorly between the medial and lateral epicondyles
83
location of the radial notch of the ulna
lateral side of the coronoid process, smooth rounded concavity that articulates w/ the head of the radius
84
location of the ulnar notch of the radius
medial aspect of distal end, concavity that articulates w/ the head of the ulna
85
deltoid tuberosity
tuberosity on the mid/superior aspect of the lateral humerus. distal attachment site of the deltoid
86
what is the area between the two tubercles on the humerus called?
intertubercular suclcus
87
what are the names of the two fossa at the anterior, distal site of the humerus?
laterally: radial fossa medially: coronoid fossa
88
location of the dorsal tubercle of the radius
distal, dorsal, medial to the styloid process of the radius
89
location of the anatomical neck of the humerus
area that articulates w/ glenoid cavity
90
location of the surgical neck of the humerus
inferior to the greater and lesser tuberosities, still located proximally on the humerus
91
name the two prominent features on the shaft of the humerus
``` deltoid tuberosity (laterally) radial (spiral) groove (posteriorly) ```
92
function of the radial (spiral) groove and its location
carries the radial nerve, posterior on the shaft of the humerus
93
location of the supracondylar ridges
proximally on either side of the humerus, superior to the condyles
94
what structures make up the condyles of the humerus?
1. capitulum (laterally-articulates w/ head of radius) 2. trochlea (medially-articulates w/ coronoid process of ulna) 3. olecranon fossa (posteriorly) 4. coronoid fossa (superior to trochlea) 5. radial fossa (superior to the capitulum)
95
carpals
bones of the wrist
96
metacarpals
bones of the hand
97
phalanges
bones of the fingers
98
innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar nerve
99
biceps brachii proximal attachment
short head: coracoid process | long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
100
biceps brachii distal attachment
tuberosity of the radius and the facial of the forearm va bicipital aponeurosis
101
innervation of the biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve
102
brachialis proximal attachment
distal half of anterior surface of the humerus
103
brachialis distal attachment
coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna
104
function of the biceps brachii
flex elbow and supinate forearm
105
brachialis innervation
musculocutaneous
106
brachialis function
flexes elbow joint
107
coracobrachialis proximal attachment
tip of coracoid process of scapula
108
coracobrachialis distal attachment
middle third of medial surface of the humerus
109
coracobrachialis innervation
musculocutaneous
110
coracobrachialis function
flex and adduct shoulder
111
triceps brachii proximal attachment
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula lateral head: posterior surface of the humerus superior to radial groove medial head: posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to radial groove
112
triceps brachii distal attachment
proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
113
triceps brachii innervation
radial nerve
114
triceps brachii function
chief extensor of elbow
115
what is the function of the brachial fascia?
separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm
116
which is more lateral at the level of the biceps brachii: musculoculatenous nerve or median nerve?
median nerve
117
what nerve contributes to the innervation of all deep extensor antebrachial muscles?
radial nerve
118
brachioradialis origin
humerus (lateral supercondyle area)
119
brachioradialis insertion
stylus of the radius
120
brachioradialis innervation
radial nerve
121
brachioradialis action
flexes the forearm
122
name the superficial muscles of the extensor forearm
1. brachioradialis 2. extensor carpi radialis longus 3. extensor carpi radialis brevis 4. extensor digitorum 5. extensor digiti minimi 6. extensor carpi ulnaris
123
name the deep muscles of the extensor forearm
1. supinator 2. abductor pollicis longus 3. extensor pollicis brevis 4. extensor pollicis longus 5. extensor indicis
124
which muscles of the extensor forearm wrap over the extensor carpi radialis longus and the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
abductor pollicis longus (proximal) | extensor pollicis brevis (distal)
125
which is more lateral: extensor carpi radialis longus or extensor carpi radialis brevis?
extensor carpi radialis longus
126
extensor carpi radialis longus proximal attachment
lateral supercondylar ridge of the humerus
127
extensor carpi radialis longus distal attachment
on the radial side of the base of 2nd metacarpals
128
extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
radial nerve
129
extensor carpi radialis brevis proximal attachment
lateral condyle of the humerus
130
extensor carpi radialis brevis distal attachment
on the radial side of the base of the 3rd metacarpals
131
extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
deep branch of the radial nerve
132
extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis action
extend and abduct wrist joint
133
extensor digitorum proximal attachment
lateral condyle of the humerus
134
which four extensor forearm muscles attach at the lateral condyle of the humerus?
1. extensor digitorum radialis brevis 2. extensor digitorum 3. extensor digiti minimi 4. extensor carpi ulnaris
135
extensor digitorum distal attachment
extensor expansions of the medial four fingers
136
extensor digitorum innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
137
posterior interosseous nerve origination
originates from the deep radial nerve after it passes the supinator muscle
138
extensor digitorum action
extends wrist joint, extends medial four fingers
139
extensor digiti minimi proximal attachment
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
140
extensor digiti minimi distal attachment
extensor expansion of the 5th finger
141
extensor digiti minimi innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
142
extensor carpi ulnaris proximal attachment
has 2 heads! | lateral condyle of the humerus; posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis
143
extensor carpi ulnaris distal attachment
dorsal aspect of the base of the 5th metacarpal
144
extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
145
extensor carpi ulnaris action
extends and adducts wrist joint
146
supinator proximal attachment
supinator crest of ulna
147
supinator distal attachment
lateral radius (and radial collateral ligament)
148
supinator innervation
deep radial nerve (as DRN passes supinator it becomes the posterior interosseous nerve)
149
abductor pollicis longus proximal attachment
interosseous membrane and ulna and radius
150
abductor pollicis longus distal attachment
base of 1st phalanges
151
abductor pollicis longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
152
extensor pollicis brevis proximal attachment
interosseous membrane and posterior surface of distal radius (BREVIS attaches to RADIUS)
153
extensor pollicis brevis distal attachment
base of 1st proximal phalanx
154
extensor pollicis brevis innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
155
extensor pollicis longus proximal attachment
interosseous membrane and posterior surface of ulna (LONGUS attaches to ULNA)
156
extensor pollicis longus distal attachment
base of 1st distal phalanx
157
extensor pollicis longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
158
extensor indicis proximal attachment
posterior surface of the distal third of ulna and interosseous memembrane
159
extensor indicis innervation
poserior interosseous nerve
160
name the superficial flexor muscles of the forearm
1. pronator teres 2. flexor carpi radialis 3. palmarus longus 4. flexor carpi ulnaris
161
name the intermediate flexor muscles of the forearm
1. flexor digitorum superficialis
162
name the deep flexor muscles of the forearm
1. flexor digitorum profundus 2. flexor pollicis longus 3. pronator quadratus
163
what muscles of the anterior forearm originate at the common flexor tendon?
1. flexor carpi ulnaris 2. flexor carpi radialis 3. pronator teres 4. palmaris longus 5. flexor digitorum superficialis * *all superficial and intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm originate at the CFT
164
pronator teres distal attachment
middle convexity of lateral surface of the radius
165
pronator teres innervation
median nerve
166
pronator teres action
pronates and flexes forearm
167
flexor carpi radialis origination
CFT at the medial epicondyle of humerus
168
pronator teres origination
CFT at the medial epicondyle of humerus
169
flexor carpi radialis distal attachment
base of 2nd metacarpal
170
flexor carpi radialis innervation
median never
171
palmaris longus origination
CFT at medial epicondyle of humerus
172
palmaris longus insertion
distal halft of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
173
palmaris longus innervation
median nerve
174
flexor carpi ulnaris origination
2 heads! | humeral and ulnar heads. olecranon and posterior border of ulna via apnoeurosis
175
flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
176
flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
ulnar nerve
177
flexor carpi ulnaris action
flexes and adducts hand at wrist
178
flexor digitorum superficialis proximal attachment
CFT of medial condyle of humerus
179
flexor digitorum superficialis distal attachment
shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
180
flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
median nerve
181
flexor digitorum profundus origin
(pinky finger side) proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and IO membrane
182
flexor pollicis longus origin
anterior surface of radius and IO membrane
183
flexor digitorum profundus insertion
bases of distal phalanges of 2-5th fingers
184
flexor digitorum profundus innervation
lateral part: medial nerve medial part: ulnar nerve ****not what you'd expect
185
flexor digitorum profundus action
flexes wrist joint, flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
186
flexor pollicis longus distal attachment
base of distal phalanx of thumb
187
flexor pollicis longus innervation
anterior interosseous nerve (from median nerve)
188
pronator quadratus origin
distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
189
pronator quadratus insertion
distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
190
pronator quadratus innervation
anterior interosseous nerve (from median nerve)
191
what muscle is absent in 10-15% of the population?
palmaris longus
192
name the synovial sheaths of extensor tendons from thumb to pinky (at the level of the extensor retinaculum)
1. abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis 2. extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis 3. extensor pollicis longus 4. extensor digitorum and extensor indicis 5. extensor digiti minimi 6. extensor carpi ulnaris
193
what artery is found posterior to the humerus?
profunda brachii (AKA deep brachial artery)
194
what arteries branch off the brachial artery at the cubital fossa?
ulnar artery medially, radial artery laterally
195
what veins are found just superior to the cubital fossa?
``` basilic vein (medial) cephalic vein (lateral) ```
196
what veins are found in the cubital fossa and which veins do they flow into?
medial cubital vein median antebrachial vein which flows into the basilic vein
197
opponens pollicis innervation
recurrent branch of median nerve
198
opponens pollicis action
to oppose thumb, draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm
199
abductor pollicis brevis innervation
recurrent branch of median nerve
200
abductor pollicis brevis action
abducts thumb
201
flexor pollicis brevis innervation
recurrent branch of median nerve
202
flexor pollicis brevis action
flexes thumb
203
adductor pollicis innervation
deep branch of ulnar nerve
204
adductor pollicis action
adducts thumb toward lateral border of plam
205
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
branch of MC nerve, innervates the lateral forearm
206
what are the two ligmanets that make up the coracoclavicular ligament?
conoid (medial) | trapezoid (lateral)
207
glenoid labrum
fibrocartinage located at the inferior portion of the glenohumeral joint
208
name the ligaments that are located w/i the glenohumeral joint
superior, meddle, and inferior glenohumeral ligments
209
ligament that lies lateral of the manubrium and inferior to the clavicle, attaching the clavicle to the 1st ribs
costoclavicular ligament
210
location and function of the transverse humeral ligament
on the head of the humerus, over tendon of biceps
211
function of the rotator cuff
to hold the humerus w/i glenohumeral joint
212
what clinical signs may be present if someone tears their rotator cuff?
unable to begin abduction of the arm.
213
location of the anular ligament of radius
inferior to the capitulum, lies over the radial head
214
location of the radial collateral ligament
lateral to the elbow joint on the radial side (collateral ligament)
215
ulnar collateral ligament
lateral to the elbow joint on the ulnar side (collateral ligament)
216
radiocarpal joint type
condyloid synovial joint
217
radiocarpal joint articulating bones
distal end of radius and articular disc w/ prox. row of carpal bones (EXCEPT pisiform)
218
intercarpal joint type
plane synovial joint
219
intercarpal joint movements
slight gliding, some flexion and abduction
220
carpometacarpal joint of MC1 and trapezium type
synovial saddle joint
221
carpometacarpal joints (except MC1 and trapzium) type
plane synovial joints
222
metacarpalphylangeal joint types
condyloid synovial joints
223
interphalangeal joint types
hinge synovial joints

FOCA (7 decks)

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