Module 3: Lower Limb

Question 1

the adductor hiatus runs through which muscle?

Answer 1

adductor magnus

Question 2

what structures make up the femoral triangle

Answer 2

superior: inguinal ligament
medial: superior border of the adductor longus muscle
lateral: medial border of the sartorius muscle

Question 3

what structures lie w/i the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

femoral artery, nerve, vein

Question 4

adductor (subsartorial) canal

Answer 4

extends from the apex (bottom) of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of the adductor magnus. provides inter-muscular passage for the femoral artery and vein and saphenous nerve and the nerve to the vastus medialis.

Question 5

what are the borders of the adductor canal?

Answer 5

lateral: vastus medialis
posterior: adductor longus and adductor magnus
medially: sartorius

Question 6

the sciatic nerve emerges inferior to which of the muscles in the second layer of muscle in the gluteal region?

Answer 6

piriformis

Question 7

which is more lateral: the femoral nerve of the femoral vessels?

Answer 7

femoral nerve

Question 8

in what area of the anterior leg does the femoral nerve begin to branch?

Answer 8

w/i the femoral triangle

Question 9

the femoral nerve lies anterior to which muscle in the femoral triangle?

Answer 9

iliacus muscle

Question 10

function of the saphenous nerve

Answer 10

branch of the femoral artery that provides cutaneous sensation to the anteriomedial aspects of the knee, leg, foot.

Question 11

path of the saphenous nerve

Answer 11

travels through femoral triangle lateral to femoral sheath, becomes superficial by passing between the sartorius and gracilis (when the femoral vessels transverse the adductor hiatus)

Question 12

femoral sheath

Answer 12

funnel-shaped fascial tube (3-4cm), passes deep to inguinal ligament. encloses proximal parts of femoral vessels, creates medial border of the femoral canal.

Question 13

where do the deep inguinal lymph nodes fall in relation to the vessels w/i the femoral triangle?

Answer 13

medially (w/i the femoral sheath)

Question 14

saphenous opening

Answer 14

opening of the fascia lata w/i the femoral triangle that allows for the exit of the saphenous vein as it branches off the femoral artery

Question 15

the femoral artery is a continuation of what artery? at what point does it become the femoral artery?

Answer 15

external iliac artery. it becomes the femoral artery distal to the inguinal ligament

Question 16

the femoral artery passes through the _______ and after passing ________ becomes the ________ artery

Answer 16

adductor canal
adductor hiatus
popliteal

Question 17

what is the largest branch of the femoral artery?

Answer 17

profunda femoris artery (deep artery of the thigh)

Question 18

the profunda femoris artery branches from the _______ at the ___________

Answer 18

femoral artery

femoral triangle

Question 19

what structures are supplied by the lateral circumflex femoral artery?

Answer 19

the muscles on the lateral aspect of the thigh

Question 20

the ______ vein is a continuation of the popliteal vein as it ascends through the _________.

Answer 20

femoral

adductor hiatus

Question 21

the femoral vein becomes the _______ vein as it passes posterior to the _________.

Answer 21

external iliac

inguinal ligament

Question 22

the sciatic nerve branches from which plexus?

Answer 22

main part of sacral plexus

Question 23

what muscle covers the superior portion of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 23

gluteus maximus

Question 24

what muscles surround the sciatic nerve in the posterior thigh?

Answer 24

sciatic nerve lies posterior to adductor magus and deep (anterior) to the long head of the biceps femoris

Question 25

what artery supplies the sciatic nerve?

Answer 25

artery to the sciatic nerve

Question 26

what two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

Answer 26

1. tibial nerve- derived from anterior (preaxial) divisions of the anterior rami
2. common fibular (peroneal) nerve- derived from posterior (postaxial) divisions of the anterior rami

Question 27

where do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries leave the pelvis?

Answer 27

greater sciatic foramen

Question 28

what structure lies between the superior and inferior gluteal arteries in the gluteal region?

Answer 28

the piriformis muscle

Question 29

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 29

superolaterally: biceps femoris
superiomedially: semimembrinosus
inferiolaterally: lateral head of the gastrocnemius
inferomedially: medial head of the gastrocnemius
posteriorly (roof): skin and popliteal fascia
anteriorly (floor): spsliteal surface of the femur, posterior capsule of the knee joint and popliteus fascia

Question 30

what structures lie w/i the popliteal fossa?

Answer 30

1. termination of the small saphenous vein
2. popliteal artery and vein
3. tibial and common fibular nerves
4. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
5. popliteal lymph nodes and lymph vessels

Question 31

pes anserinus

Answer 31

“goose’s foot”

where sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus tendons meet. pes anserinus separates these tendons from tibia and tibial collateral ligament

Question 32

fascia lata

Answer 32

deep fascia of the thigh, attaches to and is continuous w/ inguinal ligament, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx etc.

Question 33

iliotibial tract

Answer 33

broad band of fibers on the lateral aspect of the thigh, thickened portion of the fascia lata. this structure is also the aponeurosis of the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus muscles.

Question 34

list the superficial muscles in the gluteal region and their innervation

Answer 34

gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve)
gluteus medius (superior gluteal nerve)
gluteus minimus (SGN)
tensor fascia lata

Question 35

discuss the fascial compartments of the thigh and the characteristics of the fascia that separate the compartments

Answer 35

1. anterior
2. medial
3. posterior
   walls are formed by fascia lata and three fascial intermuscular septa. lateral intermuscular septum is strong (continuous w/ the iliotibial tract)

Question 36

discuss the fascial compartments of the leg

Answer 36

1. anterior
2. lateral
3. posterior deep
4. posterior superficial