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Physiology final > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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2
Q

How many neurons make up an autonomic pathway, and what are they called

A

2, preganglionic and postganglionic

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3
Q

Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons lie

A

the spinal cord

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4
Q

Where do pre and post ganglionic neurons synapse

A

Ganglion

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5
Q

What is a ganglion

A

cluster of cell bodies outside of the CNS

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6
Q

Where are the sympathetic chain ganglia

A

just outside of the spinal cord, the point between where the dorsal root and ventral roots come together and before where the dorsal and ventral rami split

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7
Q

What is the collateral ganglia

A

It’s when the preganglionic neuron passes the chain ganglia without synapsing and synapses later.

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8
Q

What hormone is released by the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron

A

Acetylcholine

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9
Q

What hormone is released by the parasympathetic postganglionic neuron

A

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

What hormone is released by the sympathetic preganglionic neuron

A

Acetylcholine

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11
Q

What hormone is released by the parasympathetic postganglionic neuron

A

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

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12
Q

What is a cholinergic receptor

A

receptors for ACH

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13
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

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14
Q

What is a nicotinic receptor

A

receptors at the synapse between pre and postganglionic neurons, they open cation channels (Na & K)

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15
Q

What is a muscarinic receptor

A

receptors between parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, they initiate cell signaling cascades

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16
Q

What is an adrenergic receptor

A

Receptor for norepinephrine and epinephrine

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17
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors

A

alpha and beta

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18
Q

what are the subtypes of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

A

alpha 1 and alpha 2

Beta 1 and Beta 2

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19
Q

nicotinic receptor steps

A
  1. ACH binds to receptor
  2. Na and K channel opens
  3. Na diffuses into the cell
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20
Q

Muscarinic receptor steps (heart)

A
  1. ACH binds to receptor
  2. G-protein subunits break off
  3. G-protein binds to K channel, opening it
  4. K diffuses out of the cell
21
Q

What is the phrase for the sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

22
Q

What is the phrase for the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest

23
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

Increases heart rate
increases conduction velocity
increases force of contraction

24
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

decrease heart rate
decreases conduction velocity
decreases force on contraction

25
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction (except to brain, none)

vasodialiation with epinephrine

26
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the blood vessels

A

none

27
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the stomach, intestines

A

decreased motility, inhibits secretion, and contracts sphincters

28
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the stomach, intestines

A

increased motility, promotes secretion, and relaxes sphincters

29
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the lungs

A

inhibits secretions and causes relaxation

30
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the lungs

A

promotes secretions and causes contraction

31
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the adrenal medulla

A

stimulates renin release

32
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the adrenal medulla

A

none

33
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the liver

A

stimulates glycogenolysis and glucogenesis

34
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the liver

A

none

35
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the adipose tissue

A

stimulates lipolysis

36
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the adipose tissue

A

none

37
Q

What is a sympathetic agonist

A

drug that mimics the effects of Norepinephine

38
Q

What is a sympathetic antagonist

A

drug that blocks the effects of Norepinephrine

39
Q

What is a parasympathetic agonist

A

drug that mimics the effects acetylcholine

40
Q

What is a parasympathetic antagonist

A

drug that blocks the effects of acetylcholine

41
Q

What does the somatic nervous system refers to

A

The innervation of skeletal muscle

42
Q

What is a reflex

A

a response to stimulus that occurs without conscious effort

43
Q

what are the two kinds of reflexs

A

innate and conditioned

44
Q

What is an innate reflex

A

a reflex that we are born with (not learned)

45
Q

what is a conditioned reflex

A

a reflex that is the result of practice and learning

46
Q

What are the 5 components of the reflex arc

A
  1. sensory receptor
  2. afferent pathway
  3. integrating center
  4. efferent pathway
  5. effector
47
Q

what is the strecth reflex and how does it work

A

monosynaptic reflex, the streching muscle causes the receptor (muscle spindle) which detects lengthening or shortening of a muscle. this fires causing the strecthed muscle to contract (shorten again) it also inhibits the contraction of the opposing muscles

48
Q

What is the withdrawl and crossed extensor reflex and how does it work

A

when a painful stimulus occurs, like stepping on a tack, the receptor sends a message up to the CNS then it comes back down and causes the (foot) to withdraw from the painful stimulus. The other leg is stimulated (crossed extensor reflex) to extend and provide the support that would have been provided by the other leg.

Physiology final (10 decks)

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