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peripheral nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 major functions of Schwann cells

A

1) phagocytosis
2) myelination
3) NMJ
4) basal lamina path for regeneration

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2
Q

what structure lies within endoneurium

A

nerve fiber (axon + schwann cell)

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3
Q

what structure lies within perineurium

A

a fascicle (a bunch of nerve fibers)

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4
Q

what structure lies with epineurium

A

a peripheral nerve

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5
Q

which spinal nerves exit the spinal cord rostral to their corresponding vertebral bodies

A

C1-C7

C8 exits below C7 and above T1

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6
Q

what is central chromatolysis

A

fragmentation and dispersal of Nissl bodies and displacement of the nucleus (eccentric nucleus)
seen in Wallerian Degeneration

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7
Q

what is a pseudoneuroma

A

swirls of regenerating axons trapped in scar tissue

occurs when axons don’t make contact with Schwann cells of distal stump

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8
Q

what are the findings of a radiculopathy

A

1) characteristic shooting pain
2) dermatomal sensory loss
3) myotomal weakness

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9
Q

what are the etiologies of radiculopathy

A 
herneated nucleus pulposus
bony spur
tumor
abscesses
hematoma
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10
Q

what are the 2 most common radiculopathies

A

C7, S1

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11
Q

What are the associated pain, sensory loss, motor loss and reflex loss with a C7 radiculopathy

A

Pain: neck, lateral arm, forearm, digits 2-3
Sensory: digit 3
Motor: triceps, radial flexors and extensors
Reflex: triceps

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12
Q

What are the associated pain, sensory loss, motor loss and reflex loss with an S1 radiculopathy

A

Pain: posterior thigh and calf, sole of foot
Sensory: posterior calf, lateral foot
Motor: plantar flexors and invertors
Reflex: ankle

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13
Q

describe and give lesion location for Erb’s Palsy

A

Location: C5, C6

waiter’s tip shoulder problem

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14
Q

describe and give the lesion location for Klumpke’s Palsy

A

Location: C8, T1

claw hand

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15
Q

describe the pain, weakness etiology and treatment of idiopathic brachial neuropathy

A 
also called Parsonage-Turner syndrome
Pain: shoulder/axilla
Weakness: shoulder girdle, hands
Etiology: vaccinations, inflammation, surgical positioning
Treatment: steroids, physical therapy
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16
Q

describe diabetic amyotrophy

A

1) intense pain in thigh
2) ischemia to vasa nervosum
3) lumbosacral plexopathy
4) motor nerve problem with secondary muscle atrophy
5) unilateral, but other leg usually follows
6) absent patellar reflex

17
Q

what are the 5 major upper compressive mononeuropathy

A

1) axillary
2) median
3) ulnar
4) radial
5) musculocutaneous

18
Q

describe axillary neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

deltoid motor and sensory loss, with deltoid atrophy

19
Q

describe musculocutaneous neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

Motor: biceps
Sensory: lateral forearm
hypertrophy most common cause of compression

20
Q

describe median neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

carpal tunnel
Motor: LOAF muscles
Sensory: first 3 + lateral 4th
tinnel and phalens sign

21
Q

describe ulnar neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

Motor: hypothenar and interossei muscles, flexor carpi ulnaris
Sensory: 5 and medial 4

22
Q

describe radial neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

Motor: wrist drop
Sensory: dorsum of hand over 1st web space
saturday night palsy
compression at spiral groove of humerus

23
Q

describe lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A 
meralgia paresthetica
Motor: NONE
Sensory: anterolateral thigh
pain and parasthesias
constriction at inguinal ligament (fat or tight clothes)
24
Q

describe femoral neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

Motor: Psoas, quadriceps femoris
Sensory:anteromedial thigh and leg
etiology: tumor, hematoma, abscess, trauma

25
Q

obturator neuropathy

A

Motor: hip adductors
Sensory: medial thigh
etiology: prolonged labor

26
Q

describe sciatic neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

Motor: hamstrings all muscles of leg and foot
Sensory: poster lateral leg and entire foot
etiology: hip replacement, injections, tumor

27
Q

describe paroneal neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

motor: ankle dorsiflexion and eversion
sensory: lateral leg
etiology: weight loss and leg crossing
foot drop

28
Q

describe tibial neuropathy, including motor and sensory loss

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Motor: intrinsic foot muscles
Sensory: sole of foot

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