Peripheral Nerve

Question 1

The majority of neurons are shaped

Answer 1

Multipolar

Question 2

Ganglion cells of statoacoustic nerves and retinal are shaped

Answer 2

bipolar

Question 3

Examples of Unipolar cells

Answer 3

Posterior root ganglion neurons

Cranial nerve ganglion neurons

Question 4

Pain, touch, temperature and position

sense

Answer 4

Somatic Afferent

Question 5

Motor signals that control striated

muscles

Answer 5

Somatic Efferent

Question 6

“Visceral sensibility” - peristaltic

activity, blood pressure, bladder fullness, etc.

Answer 6

Visceral Afferent

Question 7

Autonomic nervous system. Two

neurons linked together

Answer 7

Visceral Efferent

Question 8

Nerve cell body in CNS; axon extends to

autonomic ganglion

Answer 8

Preganglionic

Question 9

Nerve cell body in autonomic ganglion;

axon extends to visceral target

Answer 9

Postganglionic

Question 10

Posterior Roots are

Answer 10

Sensory

Question 11

Posterior Root ganglions are ________ neurons with two axon-like processes

Answer 11

Unipolar

Question 12

Anterior Roots are

Answer 12

Motor

Question 13

Posterior Rami serve

Answer 13

the back

Question 14

Anterior Rami serve

Answer 14

anterior body

Question 15

Nerve Trunks may contain

Answer 15

myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons, Schwann cells

Question 16

Myelin

Answer 16

Spiral wrapping of glial membrane, covers up to 1 cm of axon, insulates and increases velocity of action potentials

Question 17

Myelin is created by _______ in the CNS? in the PNS?

Answer 17

Oligodendroglia cells = CNS

Schwanna cells = PNS

Question 18

Space between internodal segments

Answer 18

Node of Ranvier

Question 19

Local anesthetics are able to act where?

Answer 19

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 20

What kind of axons are important in pain transmission?

Answer 20

Unmyelinated

Question 21

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 21

Membrane depolarization takes place at nodes
Wave of depolarization is renewed at next node
Conduction can take place in either direction

Question 22

If an axon is crushed, the axon ______ to the crush will degenerate

Answer 22

distal

Question 23

The axon _______ to the crush will die back a short distance

Answer 23

proximal

Question 24

A cell body with a crushed axon will react by

Answer 24

becoming more metabolically active (chromatolysis)

Question 25

When axons and myelin degenerate, ____________ engulfs the debris

Answer 25

Macrophages

Question 26

More Schwann cells =

Answer 26

Shorter internodal distance | Slower conduction time

Question 27

A - Alpha afferent velocity and function

Answer 27

70-120 m/sec, myotatic reflex

Question 28

A- Beta velocity and function

Answer 28

60-80 m/sec, deep touch

Question 29

A - Delta velocity and function

Answer 29

10-30 m/sec, light touch/fast pain

Question 30

C velocity and function

Answer 30

0.5-2.5 m/sec, slow pain

Question 31

Pathway of Motor Nerves to Striated muscles

Answer 31

Anterior horn of spinal cord, anterior root, spinal nerve, striated muscles

Question 32

Neurotransmitter of the PNS

Answer 32

Acetylcholine

Question 33

This structure lies parallel to muscle fibers within striated muscles

Answer 33

Neuromuscular spindle

Question 34

Nuclear Bag contains:

Answer 34

Annulospiral ending - senses stretch | A - alpha sensory fiber which conducts stretch signal back to spinal cord

Question 35

Adjacent to the Nuclear Bag is:

Answer 35

Intrafusal muscle fibers Innervated by gamma motor neurons Function to increase tension on nuclear bag (do not move limb)

Question 36

Extrafusal muscle fibers:

Answer 36

Move limb | Innervated by Alpha motor neurons

Question 37

the nerve cell body (located in the CNS) and its axon (located in the PNS) that innervates a striated muscle.

Answer 37

Lower Motor Neuron

Question 38

A lesion of the Lower motor neuron leads to

Answer 38

``` Flaccid paralysis Atonia Areflexia Fasciculations Muscle atrophy ```

Question 39

Atonia

Answer 39

Loss of muscle tone

Question 40

Areflexia

Answer 40

Loss of the stretch (myotatic) reflex

Question 41

Fasciculations

Answer 41

Spontaneous contraction of bundles of muscle fibers

Question 42

Lower Motor Neuron lesions result from lesions of:

Answer 42

Peripheral nerve Anterior root Anterior horn motor neurons

Question 43

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 43

Most common primary disorder of neuromuscular transmission. Patients complain of weakness. Drooping eyelids (ptosis) is the first symptom in most cases. Oropharyngeal muscle weakness is common.