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SP Anatomy exam 1 > Peripheral Nerve > Flashcards

Peripheral Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

The majority of neurons are shaped

A

Multipolar

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2
Q

Ganglion cells of statoacoustic nerves and retinal are shaped

A

bipolar

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3
Q

Examples of Unipolar cells

A

Posterior root ganglion neurons

Cranial nerve ganglion neurons

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4
Q

Pain, touch, temperature and position

sense

A

Somatic Afferent

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5
Q

Motor signals that control striated

muscles

A

Somatic Efferent

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6
Q

“Visceral sensibility” - peristaltic

activity, blood pressure, bladder fullness, etc.

A

Visceral Afferent

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system. Two

neurons linked together

A

Visceral Efferent

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8
Q

Nerve cell body in CNS; axon extends to

autonomic ganglion

A

Preganglionic

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9
Q

Nerve cell body in autonomic ganglion;

axon extends to visceral target

A

Postganglionic

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10
Q

Posterior Roots are

A

Sensory

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11
Q

Posterior Root ganglions are ________ neurons with two axon-like processes

A

Unipolar

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12
Q

Anterior Roots are

A

Motor

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13
Q

Posterior Rami serve

A

the back

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14
Q

Anterior Rami serve

A

anterior body

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15
Q

Nerve Trunks may contain

A

myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons, Schwann cells

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16
Q

Myelin

A

Spiral wrapping of glial membrane, covers up to 1 cm of axon, insulates and increases velocity of action potentials

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17
Q

Myelin is created by _______ in the CNS? in the PNS?

A

Oligodendroglia cells = CNS

Schwanna cells = PNS

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18
Q

Space between internodal segments

A

Node of Ranvier

19
Q

Local anesthetics are able to act where?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

20
Q

What kind of axons are important in pain transmission?

A

Unmyelinated

21
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

Membrane depolarization takes place at nodes
Wave of depolarization is renewed at next node
Conduction can take place in either direction

22
Q

If an axon is crushed, the axon ______ to the crush will degenerate

A

distal

23
Q

The axon _______ to the crush will die back a short distance

A

proximal

24
Q

A cell body with a crushed axon will react by

A

becoming more metabolically active (chromatolysis)

25
Q

When axons and myelin degenerate, ____________ engulfs the debris

A

Macrophages

26
Q

More Schwann cells =

A

Shorter internodal distance

Slower conduction time

27
Q

A - Alpha afferent velocity and function

A

70-120 m/sec, myotatic reflex

28
Q

A- Beta velocity and function

A

60-80 m/sec, deep touch

29
Q

A - Delta velocity and function

A

10-30 m/sec, light touch/fast pain

30
Q

C velocity and function

A

0.5-2.5 m/sec, slow pain

31
Q

Pathway of Motor Nerves to Striated muscles

A

Anterior horn of spinal cord, anterior root, spinal nerve, striated muscles

32
Q

Neurotransmitter of the PNS

A

Acetylcholine

33
Q

This structure lies parallel to muscle fibers within striated muscles

A

Neuromuscular spindle

34
Q

Nuclear Bag contains:

A

Annulospiral ending - senses stretch

A - alpha sensory fiber which conducts stretch signal back to spinal cord

35
Q

Adjacent to the Nuclear Bag is:

A

Intrafusal muscle fibers
Innervated by gamma motor neurons
Function to increase tension on nuclear bag
(do not move limb)

36
Q

Extrafusal muscle fibers:

A

Move limb

Innervated by Alpha motor neurons

37
Q

the nerve cell body (located in the CNS) and its axon (located in the PNS) that innervates a striated muscle.

A

Lower Motor Neuron

38
Q

A lesion of the Lower motor neuron leads to

A 
Flaccid paralysis
Atonia
Areflexia
Fasciculations
Muscle atrophy
39
Q

Atonia

A

Loss of muscle tone

40
Q

Areflexia

A

Loss of the stretch (myotatic) reflex

41
Q

Fasciculations

A

Spontaneous contraction of bundles of muscle fibers

42
Q

Lower Motor Neuron lesions result from lesions of:

A

Peripheral nerve
Anterior root
Anterior horn motor neurons

43
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Most common primary disorder of neuromuscular
transmission.
Patients complain of weakness.
Drooping eyelids (ptosis) is the first symptom in most cases.
Oropharyngeal muscle weakness is common.

SP Anatomy exam 1 (8 decks)

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