Introduction

Question 1

ANATOMICALLY, the nervous system consists of

Answer 1

CNS - Brain and Spinal cord

PNS - Cranial and Spinal nerves

Question 2

Somatic Nervous system

Answer 2

Provides sensory information from the external environment to the conscious level and provides innervation to striated muscles

Question 3

Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 3

Provides brain and spinal cord with sensory information from the internal environment and allows for the secretion of glands and contraction of smooth muscles

Question 4

Neuraxis of the brain

Answer 4

extends through the brainstem in a transverse section. A second horizontal neuraxis forms after the brainstem in the cerebrum

Question 5

The Neural tube

Answer 5

The brain and spinal cord arise from tube of ectoderm induced to form by the presence of the notochord

Question 6

Rhombencephalon

Answer 6

Most caudal embryological subdivision. Consists of Myelencephalon and Metencephalon

Question 7

Myelencephalon

Answer 7

Medulla oblongata

Question 8

Metencephalon

Answer 8

Pons and Cerebellum

Question 9

Mesencephalon

Answer 9

Midbrain

Question 10

Prosencephalon

Answer 10

Cerebrum

Question 11

Diencephalon

Answer 11

“inbetween brain”

Question 12

Telencephalon

Answer 12

Cerebral hemispheres and Corpus Striatum of basal ganglia

Question 13

Remnants of the central
canal of the neural tube specialize to become the
___________ _________ of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 13

Ventricular Cavities

Question 14

The Ventricular Cavities are:

Answer 14

Spinal cord - Central canal
Rhombencephalon - 4th ventricle
Midbrain - cerebral aqueduct
Diencephalon - 3rd ventricle
Telencephalon - 1st and 2nd ventricle (lateral)

Question 15

Each vertebra consists of a _____, ________s and ______s that meet to form a spinous process

Answer 15

body, pedicles, and arches

Question 16

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the

Answer 16

Neuron

Question 17

Neurons receive and transmit bioelectrical signals:

Answer 17

to and from other neurons, from specialized receptors, to and from muscles and glands

Question 18

Cell Body

Answer 18

Contains elements essential to the operation of the

neuron

Question 19

Axon

Answer 19

Covered with insulating sheath of myelin

Carries signals away from the cell body.

Question 20

Dendrite

Answer 20

Is not covered with myelin.

Carries signals toward the cell body.

Question 21

A group of cell bodies is called a _______ in the CNS? in the PNS?

Answer 21

CNS = nucleus
PNS = ganglion

Question 22

A group of axons in the CNS is called

Answer 22

a tract, peduncle, or lemniscus

Question 23

A group of axons in the PNS is called

Answer 23

a nerve

Question 24

In order to trace a pathway within the CNS or to identify

the anatomical location of a neurological lesion….

Answer 24

we must be aware of the side

Question 25

Ipsilateral

Answer 25

``` the axon (tract) courses and/or terminates on the same side as its cell body (nucleus) ```

Question 26

Contralateral

Answer 26

the axon (tract) courses and/or terminates on the side opposite its cell body (nucleus)

Question 27

Bilateral

Answer 27

``` the axon (tract) divides and courses and/or terminates on both sides ```

Question 28

Decussation

Answer 28

fibers ascend/descend as they cross.

Question 29

Commissure

Answer 29

fibers pass directly from one side to the | other.

Question 30

The surface of the cerebral hemisphere is furrowed by

Answer 30

Sulci

Question 31

Very deep sulci are called

Answer 31

Fissures

Question 32

Lies Rostral to the central sulcus and | superior to the lateral fissure (lateral view)

Answer 32

Frontal Lobe

Question 33

lies behind an imaginary line drawn from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. (lateral view)

Answer 33

Occiptal Lobe

Question 34

lies below the lateral fissure and an imaginary extension drawn caudally to the occipital lobe. (lateral view)

Answer 34

Temporal Lobe

Question 35

occupies the remainder of the | lateral surface

Answer 35

Parietal Lobe

Question 36

is the largest of the commissures and interconnects the cerebral cortex on the right and left sides.

Answer 36

Corpus Callosum

Question 37

Vertebral column consists of

Answer 37

7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 sacral vertebrae

Question 38

Each spinal nerve exit through its __________ ________ early in embryology - the vertebral column continues to extend (grow)

Answer 38

Intervertebral Foramen