Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Where is the cell body of origin for preganglionic neurons? Where does it terminate?

Answer 1

origin = CNS; terminates in ganglion

Question 2

Where does the postganglionic neuron terminate?

Answer 2

Target Tissue

Question 3

Location of Sympathetic Preganglionic CBO

Answer 3

T1 - L2

Lateral horn

Question 4

Neurotransmitter of Sympathetic Preganglionic CBO

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Neurotransmitter of Sympathetic Postganglionic CBO

Answer 5

Norepinephrine

Question 6

Location of Parasympathetic Preganglionic CBO

Answer 6

Brainstem autonomic nuclei

Sacral cord

Question 7

Neurotransmitter of Parasympathetic Preganglionic CBO

Answer 7

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Neurotransmitter of Parasympathetic Postganglionic CBO

Answer 8

Acetylcholine

Question 9

Function of Sympathetic Division

Answer 9

Fright, flight and/or fight

Question 10

Function of Parasympathetic Division

Answer 10

Rest and Digest

Question 11

Function of Enteric Division

Answer 11

Local control of viscera

Question 12

The Enteric Division provides innervation for

Answer 12

Intestinal tract
Pancreas
Gall bladder

Question 13

provides motor innervation to both layers of the tunica muscularis, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input. Major innervation for GI tract

Answer 13

Myenteric plexus (of Auerbach)

Question 14

Innervates the small intestine with strictly parasympathetic fibers and provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut

Answer 14

Submucous plexus (of Meissner)

Question 15

Sympathetic pathway: Preganglionic -> Skin

Answer 15

Lateral Horn -> Ventral Root -> Spinal nerve -> white communicating ramus -> paravertebral chain -> Postganglionic neuron -> Gray communicating ramus -> Peripheral target (smooth muscle/glands)

Question 16

Preganglionic axons ascend and descend in

Answer 16

Paravertebral chain

Question 17

Paravertebral chain order

Answer 17

Paravertebral chain ascends in neck
Inferior cervical (stellate) ganglion
Middle cervical ganglion
Superior cervical ganglion
Postganglionic fibers
Carotid plexus

Question 18

Prevertebral Ganglia

Answer 18

Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 19

Adrenal Gland

Answer 19

Receives preganglionic fibers

Adrenal medulla consists of postganglionic neurons

Question 20

Distribution of Sympathetic division to head

Answer 20

Carotic plexus
Postganglionic neuron axons
Distribute to terminal segment of cranial
nerves

Question 21

Horner Syndrome definition and symptoms

Answer 21

Horner syndrome is due to a deficiency of sympathetic activity. The site of lesion to the sympathetic outflow is on the ipsilateral side of the symptoms.
Ptosis (eyelid droop) - Superior Tarsal Muscle
Miosis (small pupil) - pupillary constrictor muscle
Anhydrosis (dry skin)
Endophthalmos (apparent sunken eye)

Question 22

Four Cranial Nerves with parasympathetic fibers

Answer 22

Cranial nerve III - Oculomotor
Cranial nerve VII - Facial
Cranial nerve IX - Glossopharyngeal
Cranial nerve X - Vagus

Question 23

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Answer 23

Located in midbrain. Supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from Oculomotor n. (III) to the eye, constricting the pupil, accommodating the lens, and convergence of the eyes. Via Ciliary Ganglion

Question 24

Superior salivatory nucleus

Answer 24

Carries parasympathetic facial n. (VII) fibers and located in the pontine tegmentum

Question 25

Where do parasympathetic fibers from the Facial n. terminate?

Answer 25

1. Pterygopalatine ganglion - Nasal and lacrimal glands 2. Submandibular ganglion - Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Question 26

Inferior salivatory nucleus

Answer 26

Carries parasympathetic fibers from Glossopharyngeal N. (IX). Located in the medulla

Question 27

Where do parasympathetic fibers from the Glossopharyngeal n. terminate?

Answer 27

Otic ganglion | Parotid salivary gland

Question 28

Location of Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Answer 28

medulla

Question 29

Termination and function of parasympathetic fibers from the Vagus n.

Answer 29

- Wall of target tissue Viscera from thorax to transverse colon Location of postganglionic nerve cell bodies -Reduces heart rate, blood pressure Increases gastric secretion, peristaltic activity

Question 30

Sacral Parasympathetic location

Answer 30

S 2 - 4 region of lateral horn

Question 31

Termination and Function of Sacral parasympathetic fibers

Answer 31

Terminates in: Wall of target tissue Viscera from transverse colon to rectum Includes bladder, uterus, etc. Location of postganglionic nerve cell bodies - Increases intestinal secretion, peristaltic activity