Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo > Periods, 101 > Flashcards

Periods, 101 Flashcards

1
Q

Survival of ovum = ____ h

Survival of sperm = ____ h

A

6-12

24-48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Typical ejaculate =
vol: ___ mL
conc: ___ mil/mL
tot#: ___ mil

A

1-3
1
100-300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What mechanisms help to facilitate fertilization?

A
  1. timing (boners + female cycle)
  2. lots of sperm
    3; cervical mucus thinning
  3. increased motility of female tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does cervical thinning occur?

A

midcycle, due to estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Female tract motility is enhanced by:

A

E2, PG, OT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Successful conception is most likely…

A

2 days before + day of ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does female age related to contraception?

A

decreased chance of preg after age 35 due to fewer follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

___% of ova regress before puberty even happens.

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When all ova are gone, ____ occurs

A

menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Menopause is associated with a decline in ____ and an increase in ___.

A

decreased estrogen

increased LH + FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The follicle secretes:

A

estradiol-17beta
androgen (from thecal cells)
progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Granulosa cells make:

A

estrogen (from androgens)

inhibin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thecal cells make:

A

androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FSH stimulates _____ cells.

LH stimulates _____ cells.

A

granulosa

thecal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does only ONE follicle function as the “dominant” follicle?

A

secretes a magical unknown substances which causes the other ovary and the surrounding follicles to regress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The _____ cells secrete inhibin, which feeds back to reduce secretion of _____.

A

granulosa

FSH

**note: this happens at end of follicular and during luteal phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FSH increases during the menstrual cycle in response to:

A

loss of negative feedback by estrogen, progesterone and inhibin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What surges immediately before ovulation?

A

LH

and FSH, but it’s not a huge surge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When progesterone is high, what is going on in the dominant follicle?

A

it is turning into corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What ovarian phase is prior to ovulation?

What ovarian phase is post-ovulation?

A

follicular

luteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Following the menstrual phase…
What uterine phase is prior to ovulation?
What uterine phase is post-ovulation?

A

proliferative

secretory

22
Q

Progesterone and estrogen levels both begin to decline around week ___ of cycle.

A

4
(thus very low while you’re actually bleeding; and yes, I know for you this like week 7 because your uterus is very nice)

23
Q

How does basal body temp relate to the cycle?

A

increases 1’F following ovulation and remains elevated until menstruation

24
Q

Menstrual phase lasts ___ days.
Proliferative phase lasts ___ days.
Secretory phase lasts ___ days.

A

~5
~11
~12

25
Q

Estrogen acts via negative feedback on:

A
  1. hypothalamus, blocking release of GnRH
  2. FSH release
  3. LH release
26
Q

Inhibin acts via negative feedback on:

A
  1. FSH release

2. Ant. pituitary

27
Q

During the early follicular phase, granulosa cells secrete ___.
During mid-follicular phase this hormone acts on ___, which results in…

A

estrogen

granulosa cells to increase their proliferation (via + feedback)

28
Q

Act w/in the follicle to promote cellular proliferation and hormone secretion (4)

A

inhibin
IgF-2
activins
VEGF

29
Q

Granulosa cells in the late follicular phase have receptors for:

A

FSH

LH

30
Q

How do thecal and granulosa cells cooperate?

A
  1. Thecal cells produce androgens, and use progenolone synthesized by granulosa cells
  2. Granulosa cells synthesize estradiol, using androgens synth by theca cells
31
Q

Ovulation is triggered by:

A

LH surge

32
Q

During ovulation, _____ ruptures after attack by ___.

A

follicular membrane

proteolytic enzymes

33
Q

Variation in length of a woman;s cycle is caused by the length of the ______

A

follicular phase

34
Q

Corpus luteum develops from _____, beginning (when?).

A

follicular cells

shortly before ovulation

35
Q

How can you tell the corpus luteum has started developing (based on hormones)?

A

small increase in progesterone, which occurs at the end of the follicular phase

36
Q

When does the CL degenerate?

A

last 5 days of the luteal phase

37
Q

_____ +/- _____ inhibits FSH and LH secretion.

A

Inhibin +/- progesterone

38
Q

What is luteolysis?

A

CL regression + degeneration

39
Q

When does luteolysis occur?

A

day 8 after ovulation

40
Q

What causes the decline in estrogen + progesterone?

A

degeneration of CL

41
Q

Luteolysis can be prevented by:

A

stimulation with LH or hCG

42
Q

hCG is produced/secreted by:

A

placenta, upon implantation of a blastocyst

43
Q

Compared with midfollicular granulosa cells, luteinizing granulosa cells are producing:

A

progesterone

LH stimulation

44
Q

Why does FSH and LH rise during menstruation?

A

estrogen, progesterone + inhibin decline, which removes negative feedback inhibition of LH/FSH

45
Q

During menstruation, increased FSH/LH results in:

A

stimulation of growth of new follicles

which produce estrogen + some inhibin

46
Q

What triggers the LH (+FSH) surge?

A

new follicles result in steadily increasing estrogen, which triggers LH/FSH surge via increased response of gonadotrophs to GnRH

47
Q

Follicular phase in ovary corresponds to what phase(s) in endometrium?

A

menstrual + proliferative

48
Q

Luteal phase in ovary corresponds to what phase(s) in endometrium?

A

secretory

49
Q

You can induce ovulation in women with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadiam by giving them:

A

regular pulses of GnRH

which result in pretty normal estrogen and progesterone patterns

50
Q

If ovulation doesn’t occur, what happens to CL?

A

still forms/develops + secretes E/P

cycle appears nml

51
Q

An increased incidence of shorter luteal phases has been noted in:

A
  1. women who start a heavy workout program
  2. infertile women
  3. women w/ 1st trimester miscarriages
52
Q

How are mammary gland cells affected by menstrual cycle?

A

increased mitotic rate in luteal phase

Endo (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions