Periodontology, endodontics &medical emergencies

Question 1

Systemic diseases that have a major impact on the loss of periodontal tissues by influencing periodontal inflammation.

Answer 1

Group 1 = “Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease”

Genetic disorders (down syndrome etc), AIDs (HIV), inflammatory diseases, diabetes

Question 2

How do genetic disorders lead to periodontitis?

Answer 2

By effecting immune response important in the pathology of periodontitis (i.e neutrophil defects - ability to kill pathogens thus disease wins)

Question 3

What kind of periodontitis can HIV cause?

Answer 3

Necrotising periodontitis (NP)

So technically classified as part of “Periodontitis: Necrotising Periodontal Disease (NPD)”

Question 4

Why is the study of HIV and periodontal disease is difficult?

Answer 4

Widespread variation in terminology and classification and contradictory research.

Question 5

Treatment for NP in HIV patients

Answer 5

1. Conventional; OHI+, PMPR
2. Remove necrotic tissue (povidone-iodine)
3. Metronidazole
4. Chlorohexidine mouthwash

Question 6

Systemic disorders that can result in loss of peridontal tissues independent of periodontitis

Answer 6

Systemic sclerosis (small mouth + connective tissues effected)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

NP caused by HIV vs NP

Answer 7

same clinical appearance, severe deep pain in jaw bone with HIV caused

Question 8

Desquamative gingivitis

Answer 8

This terminology not used anymore

but refers to

Question 9

Classification of desquamative gingivitis

Answer 9

non-dental biofilm induced

Question 10

What is DIGE (drug-influenced gingival enlargements) classified as?

Answer 10

Dental biofilm induced c. drug influenced gingival enlargements

Question 11

Common drugs associated with DIGE

Answer 11

Antiepileptics; phenytoin, sodium valproate
CCBs; amlodipine, veramapil
Immune regulators; cyclosporine

Question 12

What are the target cells affected in DIGE?

Answer 12

gingival fibroblasts

Question 13

What are other causes of gingival enlargements (not drugs)?

Answer 13

hormonal (pregnancy), gingival fibromatosis, neoplasia

Question 14

Facticious gingival injury

Answer 14

Self harm to the gum

Gingival diseases: non-dental biofilm-induced section G traumatic lesions.

Question 15

Geniune halitosis

Answer 15

Physiological (transient) and Pathological

Question 16

Psychogenic halitosis

Answer 16

Belief pt has it when they don’t

Question 17

What percentage of halitosis cases are a result of extra-oral?

Answer 17

10% (smoking drugs alcohol etc systemic disease i.e nasal infections )

Question 18

What systemic disease rarely causes halitosis despite being thought of as a common cause?

Answer 18

GIT

Question 19

What causes VSC in the mouth?

Answer 19

volatile sulphur compounds

bacterial species degrade various sulphur containing amino acids