periodontology

Question 1

in absence of disease how does the width of attached gingivae change with age

Answer 1

increases

Question 2

staining used to differentiate keratinised gingivae

Answer 2

schillers iodone solution

keratinised = orange, other = purple/blue

Question 3

symptoms and signs of primary herpetic gingivostomatits

Answer 3

fever, pyrexia, headaches, malaise, dysphagia, regional lymphadenopathy
aggressive marginal gingivitis, fluid filled vesicles with grey membranous covering - burst to form yellow/grey ulcer
heal without scarring 14 days
on gingiva, tongue, hard palate, buccal mucosa

Question 4

what is plasma cell gingivitis

Answer 4

contact hypersensitivity reaction

Question 5

clinical features of plasma cell gingivitis

Answer 5

fiery-red gingiva, extreme pain

Question 6

3 disorders causing desquamative gingivitis

Answer 6

MMP
lichen play
pemphigus vulgaris

Question 7

clinical features of desquamative gingivitis

Answer 7

fiery-red

keratinised gingiva

Question 8

causes of necrotising gingivitis

Answer 8

depressed immune system - AIDS, malnutrition
smoking
stress
poor OH/preexisiting PD

fusiform-spirochaetal bacteria

Question 9

clinical features of ANUG

Answer 9

punched out ulcers, yellow/grey pseudomembranous slough
interdental papillae effected first
painful
halitosis

Question 10

what is calculus

Answer 10

plaque which has become mineralised by calcium + phosphate ions in saliva

Question 11

5 plaque-retentive factors

Answer 11

overhanging restoration
defective crown margin
bridge pontics
partial denture
orthodontic appliances

Question 12

potential spread of perio/endo lesions to make a periodical-endo lesion

Answer 12

apical foramina
lateral/furcation accessory canals
exposed dentinal tubules
root defects by caries
fractures
perforations during operative procedures

Question 13

prevalence of gingival hyperplasia with different drugs

Answer 13

phenytoin 50%
ciclosporin 30%
calcium channel blockers 20%

Question 14

condition causing ‘strawberry’ appearance of gingiva + hyperplastic gingivitis with petechiae

Answer 14

wegeners granulomatosis

Question 15

what is an epulide

Answer 15

localised hyperplastic lesions on gingiva

trauma or chronic irritation - granulation tissue

Question 16

how does occlusal interference affect the periodontium

Answer 16

may increase tooth mobility due to compensating widening of PMS
does not cause PD but may make it worse

Question 17

effects of traumatic occlusal forces

Answer 17

pain
fracture
faceting
attrition
bruxism
TMD
tooth mobility

Question 18

syndromes and medical conditions causing PD

Answer 18

downs syndrome
papillon-lefevre
Ehlers-danlos
hypophosphatasia

Question 19

3 factors contributing to reduced probing depths after RSD

Answer 19

shrinkage of soft tissue as inflammation resolves
increased resistance to probe penetration as inflammation resolves
formation of LJE at base

Question 20

indications for crown lengthening

Answer 20

increase ferrule
access for subginigval crown finish lines/impressions
sub gingival caries
root fractures/resorption in cervical third of tooth root
aesthetic improvement of anterior teeth

Question 21

3 surgerys used to improve recession

Answer 21

free gingival graft
pedicle sliding graft
sub epithelial connective tissue graft

Question 22

microorganism most strongly associated with molar incorrectly pattern periodontitis

Answer 22

actinomycetemcomitans

often heridary + its show neutrophil deficiencies

Question 23

how does GTR work

Answer 23

membrane placed, blood clot forms below and acts as scaffold for migrating cells that produce new periodontal ligament, cementum + bone
gingival epithelium excluded