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Oral Bio II > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of joint holds the tooth in place?

A

A gomphosis- fibrous peg in socket joint

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2
Q

What 3 components make up the periodontium?

A

1-alveolar crest
2-cementum
3-Periodontal ligament

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3
Q

What develops the periodontium?

A

HERS, mesenchymal cells, and dental follicle.

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4
Q

How is the alveolar process formed?

A

By intramembranous ossification, and occurs during the 8th week of uterine life

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5
Q

What plays a big role in forming the alveolar process?

A

Teeth. Anodontic patients have impaired development o the alveolar process

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6
Q

What is the alveolar bone proper?

A

The lining of the socket. cribriform plate or lamina dura (on radiographs) it is compact bone

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7
Q

What makes up the supporting alveolar bone?

A

Both compact and trabecular bone.
Compact bone element is the cortical plates, both lingual and facial.
Trabecular bone element is the central spongiosa

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8
Q

What are 3 other names for the alveolar bone proper?

A

Cribriform plate, lamina dura, and bundle bone (sharpy’s fibers embedded in bone)

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9
Q

What is significant about the inner and outer portions of the alveolar bone proper?

A

Inner- remodeling rate may be high due to tooth movements

Outer- it is continuous with the supporting alveolar bone

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10
Q

What is the alveolar crest?

A

It is the junction of cortical plate and alveolar bone proper
Thinner in maxilla, Thickest in premolar and molar regions of the mandible

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11
Q

Which has a more prevalent spongiosa the mandible or maxilla?

A

Maxilla

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12
Q

In what location is the spongiosa frequently missing?

A

Anterior regions

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13
Q

What are the functions of the alveolar process?

A

1-protection and structure of socket
2-attachment of Sharpy’s fibers
3-support the tooth roots, especially facial and lingual
4-distrubution of loading to PDL to surrounding bone

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14
Q

What collagen types are prevalent in the PDL?

A

Collagen I, III, VII which are arranged in fibers, which in turn are grouped into bundles. NB individual fibers can be remodeled while the overall bundle is not changed making a very dynamic environment

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15
Q

What is the main elastic fiber of the PDL?

A

Oxytalan

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16
Q

How is the PDL vascularized?

A

From the superior and inferior alveolar arteries and arterioles penetrate the cribriform plate.

17
Q

How is the PDL innervated?

A

From both the apical nerves and nerves that penetrate the cribriform plate.

18
Q

Generally what is the rule about where most of the innervation is located?

A

In the apical regions of the PDL. Exception is the maxillary incisors, which a greater nerve density in the coronal labial part of the PDL

19
Q

What are the 4 types of nerve endings?

A

1-free nerve endings (most common)
2-Ruffini’s corpuscles (pressure or movement)
3-Coiled nerve endings (unknown function)
4-Spindle nerve endings (unknown function and rare)

20
Q

What are the 5 types of PDL fibers?

A 
1-alveolar crest
2-horizontal 
3-oblique
4-apical
5-interradicular
21
Q

What are Sharpy’s fibers?

A

Embedded collagen fibers

22
Q

What are the 5 groups of the gingival ligament?

A 
1-dentogingival
2-alveologingival
3-circular
4-dentoperiosteal
5-transseptal
23
Q

What type of cells turn into cementoblasts and what causes the to change?

A

They are dental follicle cells and the HERS induces them to differentiate into cementoblasts (most likely)
Or
HERS cells change themselves into cementoblasts (not likely because cells would have to change lineage ectomesenchymal to epithelial)

24
Q

Where is the cementum the thinnest and thickest?

A

It is thinnest at the CEJ 20-50µm

It is thickest at the apex 150-200µm

25
Q

What is the composition of cementum?

A

50% organic (90% of it is collagen I)

50% inorganic

26
Q

What makes enamel pearls?

A

HERS cells when they break become rest cells of Malassez and some of those can stay attached and produce enamel pearls

27
Q

What are the three types of CEJ?

A

1-cementum overlaps enamel 60%
2-cementum and enamel form butt joint 30%
3-no connection of the cementum and enamel 10%

28
Q

What are the two types of cementum?

A

AEFC (acellular extrinsic fiber cementum) or primary-coronal 2/3s-attachement
CIFC (cellular intrinsic fiber cementum) or secondary-apical 1/3-adaptations or repair

29
Q

What is the orientation of the fibers in AEFC and CIFC?

A

AEFC fibers go perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth and the CIFC the fibers run parallel to the long axis of the tooth

30
Q

Explain the CDJ?

A

Cementoblasts send processes into the predentin and they make collagen fibers that anchor in. This is called the fibrous fringe making the dentin and cementum “mingled”

31
Q

How do PDL fibers connect with the AEFC?

A

They merge with the fibrous fringe and mineralize forming Sharpy’s fibers and hence “extrinsic”

32
Q

What is the main difference between AEFC and CIFC?

A

In CIFC the cementoblasts get trapped in the cementum do to the grow that a faster rate and become cementocytes. Also the fibers that are present are made by the cementoblasts no the fibroblasts of the PDL. Also has cementoid at the surface (unmineralized cementum)

33
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A

An abnormal thickening of the cementum. Tooth can become ankylosed.

34
Q

Which is more resistant to resorption cementum or bone?

A

Cementum

35
Q

What are the 5 types of tooth movement that effects the periodontium?

A 
1-tipping
2-bodily 
3-extrusive 
4-intrusive 
5-rotational
36
Q

What are the three factors that determine the effect of the applied force?

A

1-transduction
2-time
3-magnitude of force

37
Q

What are the 4 net results of tooth movements?

A

1-tension
2-compression
3-hyalinization
4-undermining resorption (resorption occurs on the opposite surface of compressed bone)

Oral Bio II (8 decks)

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