Embryo (Dr. Trump)

Question 1

What nerve comes from the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 1

CN V

Question 2

What muscles come from the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 2

MATTM=Muscles of mastication, Anterior belly of digastric, Tensor palati, Tensor tympani, and Mylohyoid

Question 3

What bones come from the first arch?

Answer 3

Maxilla, Mandible, Temporal, Zygoma, Malleus and Incus

Question 4

What nerve comes from pharyngeal arch #2?

Answer 4

CN VII

Question 5

What muscles from pharyngeal arch #2?

Answer 5

Muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastic

Question 6

What bones from pharyngeal arch #2?

Answer 6

stapes, styloid process, and upper half and lesser horns of hyoid bones

Question 7

Nerve from arch #3?

Answer 7

CN IX

Question 8

Muscle from arch #3?

Answer 8

stylopharyngeus

Question 9

Bone from arch #3?

Answer 9

Lower half and greater horns of hyoid bone

Question 10

Nerve from arch #4?

Answer 10

CN X

Question 11

Muscles from arch #4?

Answer 11

Pharyngeal constrictors

Question 12

Bone from arch #4?

Answer 12

Cartilage of larynx

Question 13

Nerve from arch #6?

Answer 13

CN X

Question 14

Muscles from arch #6?

Answer 14

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Question 15

Bone from arch #6?

Answer 15

Cartilage of larynx

Question 16

When does central face development begin?

Answer 16

At 4 weeks

Question 17

What forms from proliferation of ectomesenchyme on both sides of the nasal placode?

Answer 17

Medial and lateral nasal processes

Question 18

Upper lip forms at what weeks and fusion of what two processes forms it?

Answer 18

6-7 weeks and it is the fusion of the medial nasal processes with the maxillary processes

Question 19

What processes make the primary palate?

Answer 19

Fusion of the two medial nasal processes

Question 20

What processes make the secondary palate?

Answer 20

It is the fusion of the maxillary processes and it makes up 90% of the hard and soft palate

Question 21

What does a developmental condition mean?

Answer 21

Anomaly of development

Question 22

What is a congenital condition?

Answer 22

It means it was present at birth

Question 23

What causes a cleft lip?

Answer 23

Defective fusion of the medial nasal process with maxillary process (80% are unilateral)

Question 24

When can cleft lips be fixed

Answer 24

Rule of 10- 10 weeks, 10 lbs. and 10gm%HM

Question 25

What causes a cleft palate?

Answer 25

It is failure of fusion of the maxillary processes

Question 26

What is the most minimal manifestation of a cleft palate?

Answer 26

bifid uvula

Question 27

True of False: It is more common to have CP or CL alone?

Answer 27

False-majority of cases are CP+CL 45% of the time

Question 28

T or F: Syndromic clefting is usually CP

Answer 28

True: if it is developmental it is usually both CP+CL

Question 29

What are the 3 physical characteristics of Pierre Robin syndrome?

Answer 29

CP, Mandibular micrognathia, Glossoptosis (downward displacement)

Question 30

What causes lateral clefting?

Answer 30

Failure of fusion between the mandibular and maxillary processes.

Question 31

What causes oblique clefting?

Answer 31

Failure of fusion between the maxillary process and the lateral nasal process

Question 32

What cause a median cleft of the upper lip?

Answer 32

Failure of fusion of the two medial nasal processes

Question 33

Clefts are most common in what two groups of people?

Answer 33

Most common in native americans and second most common in asians

Question 34

What is a submucous palatal cleft?

Answer 34

When the palatal shelves get close enough that the soft tissues fuse but the hard tissues don’t. They would present with an indent right up the middle of their palate where the shelves would normally fuse

Question 35

T o F: commissural lip pit are usually associated with a syndrome

Answer 35

False- paramedian lip pits are associated with a syndrome and commissural are not

Question 36

What is ankyloglossia?

Answer 36

Tongue tied. The lingual frenum attaches to the tip of the tongue. More common in males 4:1. frenectomy or frenuloplasty at age 4-5

Question 37

What causes a lingual thyroid?

Answer 37

The thyroid never descends and stays on the tongue. normally descends and leaves the foramen cecum. 7x more common in females

Question 38

What is a thryoglossal duct cyst?

Answer 38

When there is a piece of thyroid that stays behind somewhere in the tract is normally descends