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Oral Bio II > Lecture 1 (Colombo) > Flashcards

Lecture 1 (Colombo) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is the structural function of microfilaments?

A

Microvilli, filopodia, and they give shape to the cells. They also form tracts for myosin, giving contractility

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1
Q

What are microfilaments composed of?

A

Actin

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2
Q

What are intermediate filaments made of?

A

Different in various tissues. Vimentin for cells of mesenchymal origin, cytokeratin

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3
Q

What is the purpose of intermediate filaments?

A

Anchors, Structural. They are non contractile

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4
Q

What are microtubules made of?

A

Tubulin

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5
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A

Monorail system (kinesins), Cilia and flagella (dynein)

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6
Q

Tight junctions hold cells together by binding to what cytoskeletal structure?

A

Microfilaments

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7
Q

What are the three transmembrane proteins that bind to each other in a tight junction?

A

Claudins, Occludins, and JAM

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8
Q

What two main components make up cell to cell adhesive junctions?

A

Cadherins (outside) and Cantinins (inside)

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9
Q

Cadherins are dependent on what ion?

A

Ca++

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10
Q

What is the function of focal adhesion junctions?

A

Hold the cell to the ECM

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11
Q

What element of the focal adhesion holds the cell to the ECM?

A

Integrins. They replace the cadherin as the transmembrane component

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12
Q

Desmosomes are similar to cell-cell adhesions in what manner?

A

They both have cadherins and catinins

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13
Q

Cell-cell adhesions bind to what cytoskeletal structure?

A

Microfilaments

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14
Q

Desmosomes bind to what cytoskeletal structure?

A

Intermediate filaments

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15
Q

Focal adhesions attach to what cytoskeletal component?

A

Microfilaments

16
Q

Hemidesmosomes attach to what cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filaments

17
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Cell-Cell aqueous pores

18
Q

What are tonofilaments?

A

A big bundle of intermediate filaments

19
Q

What is the function of the basal lamina?

A

It is an anchor for epithelial cells

20
Q

What cell attachment connects to the basal lamina?

A

hemidesmosomes

21
Q

Name the three components that make up the basal lamina

A

Lamina lucida, lamina densa, and lamina fibroreticularis

22
Q

What are the components of the lamina lucida?

A

laminin, entactin, and intergrins

23
Q

What are the components of the lamina densa?

A

Collagen IV

24
Q

What are the components of the lamina fibroreticularis?

A

Depends but mostly collagen III

25
Q

True or False: fibroblasts usually have cell-cell connections

A

False, they rarely do. The one exception is in the periodontal ligament

26
Q

True of False: Fibroblasts age

A

True, that is why you see slower healing with age

27
Q

Collagen is rich in which two amino acids?

A

Proline and lysine. (hydrogen bonding allows triple helical assembly)

28
Q

How are collagen fiber assembled?

A

They are staggered with a 1/4 overlap and aligned in parallel fashion.

29
Q

Why is it important that the collagen fibers are staggered?

A

If allows them to grow long and strong. It also creates gaps in the fibers and in dentin/bone this is where mineralization occurs

30
Q

What 2 components make up elastic fibers?

A

Elastin and fibrillin (fibrillin is a glycoprotein that forms a scaffold onto which elastin fibers accumulate)

31
Q

What hormone does elastin secrete?

A

TGF-beta for healing, but in Marfan’s syndrome it just secretes the hormone causing abnormal growth

32
Q

What is the main component of ‘ground substance’?

A

Proteoglycans

33
Q

What make a proteoglycan?

A

A protein core with glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs)

Mostly carbohydrate with less protein

34
Q

Proteoglycans are positively or negatively charged?

A

Negatively, this make them hydrophilic.

35
Q

What is a special function of proteoglycans?

A

They can make growth factors in the ECM and can help activate GF receptors

36
Q

True or False: glycoproteins have more carbohydrate and less protein

A

False, that is true of proteoglycans but glycoproteins have more protein and less carbohydrate

37
Q

What is a major player in matrix digestion?

A

MMPs

Oral Bio II (8 decks)

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