periodontics Flashcards
what type of bacteria causes decay and contributes to periodontal disease
mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
does plaque contain this bacteria
yes it does
what is gingivitis
inflammation of the gingival tissues
what is periodontitis
inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth
what are structures of the periodontium
- alveolar bone
- periodontal ligament
- cementum
- gingival unit
- enamel
- dentin
- gingival sulcus
which condition is reversible, gingivitis or periodontitis
gingivitis
what is gingival inflammation caused by
bacterial plaque (acquired pellicle, materia alba, food debris)
calculus (supragingival and subgingival)
what are three types of periodontal pockets and what is the difference among them
gingival pockets
- caused by destruction of periodontal ligaments
suprabony pockets
- horizontal bone loss; crestal alveolar loss
infrabony pockets
- vertical bone loss
what is a prophylaxis
complete removal of calculus, soft deposit, plaque, stain
who can legally perform a prophylaxis
dentists or hygienists
can food stain be seen on a radiograph
no
why is chlorehexidine so beneficial to periodontal patients
it provides antimicrobial therapy to reduce plaque and gingivitis
what does PSR stand for
periodontal screening and recording
who is PSR targeted towards
grown adults
who is not to have PSR
children
what is the best antibiotic treatment for periodontitis
tetracycline
what is a healthy sulcus depth
3mm or less
what are periodontal probes and what is meant by the term calibrated
it is an instrument that measures how much epihtelial attachment has been lost
- calibrated means it is measured in mm
what is a bleeding index
a method of scoring the amount of gingival bleeding present
0 - no inflammation
1- mild inflammation
2 - moderate inflammation
3 - severe inflammation
does healthy gingiva bleed
no
if probing depth of less than 4 mm is noted with bleeding, this is a sign of periodontitis or gingivitis
it is a sign of gingivitis
what does occlusal trauma contribute to
tooth mobility
destruction of bone
migration of teeth
tmj pain
how many areas are measured around a tooth during probing
6
- DB, B, MB, DL, L, ML
what is a pocket marker used for
used to make a perforation to make bleeding points as incision marks on gingiva
what is the difference between a scaler and a curette
scalers remove supragingival calculus while curettes remove subgingival calculus
can a scaler be used subgingivally? why?
scalers have pointed ends which can damage the gingiva
what is the difference between subgingival anf supragingival
subgingival is below gingiva
supragingival is above the gingiva
what is a periodontal flap procedure
a surgery that pushes tissues away from underlying tooth root and and bone to allow for scaling, root planing
what is a guided tissue regeneration
can be done to stimulate growth of new bone to increase height of bone around tooth
what is the periosteal elevator used for
to retract the periosteum from the surface of the bone, and detach the gingival tissues from around the cervix of tooth
which type of periodontal dressing dissolves after 24-48 hours
gelatin based dressings
what is an osteoplasty
surgery where bone is added, contoured and reshapedfur
furcation involvement is what type of condition
a condition of bone loss where roots join on a multy rooted tooth and are exposedw
which type of medication causes gingival hyperplasia
dilantin (anti-epileptic, anti-seizure medication)
what is a gingival cleft
an elongated opening that extends towards the root of the tooth
what is ANUG/NUG
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
it is a perio condition characterized by inflamed gums, metallic taste, bad breath and pain
- due to stress, smoking, inadequate diet, poor oral hygiene
what type of infection is an ANUG
it is a progressive bacterial infection
what is used to treat ANUG
tetracycline
what is dehiscence
it is a fissural defect that results in incomplete coverage of the root by bonew
what is the kirkland knife used for
double ended kidney shaped knuife used in perio surgery
what is the orban knife
a knife with cutting edges on both sides of blade used to remove tissue from interdental spaces
which type of curettes can be used anywhere in the mouth
universal curettes
which type of curettes are area specific
gracey curettes
which area specific curettes are used for the anterior segment only
1/2, 3/4, 5/6
which area specific curettes are used for posterior segment only
7/8, 9/10, 11/12, 13/14
what are the different classes of mobility
0 - normal
1 - slight mobility
2 - moderate mobility
3 - extreme mobility
why are vertical bitewings preferred in periodontics
excellent for determining the extent of crestal bone loss
which type of instrument is used to provide the dentist with tactile information
periodontal explorers
which type of periodontal dressings can cause redness and burning
zinc oxide eugenol dressing
what is the ultrasonic scaler
an instrument that provides rapid calculus removal from rapid vibrations
what must be used to minimize aerosols that are generated by the ultrasonic scaler
HVE
what is the sugarman file used for
used to crush or fracture extremely heavy calculus
what is the back action chisel used for
removes and recontours the bone
what is the ochsesenbein chisel used for
used to reshape the bone
what is crown lengthening
a surgical procedure designed to expose more tooth structure for placement of a restoration
what is root planning
procedure that smooths the surface of a root by removing cementum or dentin
which instruments can be used for root plannin
curettes (universal or gracey)
what is the sickle scaler used for
used to remove tenacious supragingival deposits of calculus
does occlusal trauma cause periodontal pocket formation
no
what are the types of probes
periodontal probes
furcation probes
what are the types of periodontal explorers
furcation and perio
what are the types of scalers and files
sickle scaler
contra-angle sickle scaler
chisel scaler
hoe scaler
sugarman file
indications for used of ultrasonic scaler
-removal of supragingival calculus and stains
- subgingival calculus, plaque, endotoxins in root surface
- cleaning furcation areas
- removal of deposits before perio surgery
- removal of cements or debonding
- removal of overhanging in restorations
contraindications for use of ultrasonic scaler
- communicable disease
- patients susceptible infections
- respiratory problems
- swallowing difficulty
- cardiac pacemaker
- demineralized areas
- exposed dentinal surfaces
- restorative materials
- titanium implant abutmants
- narrow perio pockets
