periodontics

Question 1

what type of bacteria causes decay and contributes to periodontal disease

Answer 1

mutans streptococci and lactobacilli

Question 2

does plaque contain this bacteria

Answer 2

yes it does

Question 3

what is gingivitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the gingival tissues

Question 4

what is periodontitis

Answer 4

inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth

Question 5

what are structures of the periodontium

Answer 5

• alveolar bone
• periodontal ligament
• cementum
• gingival unit
• enamel
• dentin
• gingival sulcus

Question 6

which condition is reversible, gingivitis or periodontitis

Answer 6

gingivitis

Question 7

what is gingival inflammation caused by

Answer 7

bacterial plaque (acquired pellicle, materia alba, food debris)

calculus (supragingival and subgingival)

Question 8

what are three types of periodontal pockets and what is the difference among them

Answer 8

gingival pockets
- caused by destruction of periodontal ligaments

suprabony pockets
- horizontal bone loss; crestal alveolar loss

infrabony pockets
- vertical bone loss

Question 9

what is a prophylaxis

Answer 9

complete removal of calculus, soft deposit, plaque, stain

Question 10

who can legally perform a prophylaxis

Answer 10

dentists or hygienists

Question 11

can food stain be seen on a radiograph

Answer 11

no

Question 12

why is chlorehexidine so beneficial to periodontal patients

Answer 12

it provides antimicrobial therapy to reduce plaque and gingivitis

Question 13

what does PSR stand for

Answer 13

periodontal screening and recording

Question 14

who is PSR targeted towards

Answer 14

grown adults

Question 15

who is not to have PSR

Answer 15

children

Question 16

what is the best antibiotic treatment for periodontitis

Answer 16

tetracycline

Question 17

what is a healthy sulcus depth

Answer 17

3mm or less

Question 18

what are periodontal probes and what is meant by the term calibrated

Answer 18

it is an instrument that measures how much epihtelial attachment has been lost
- calibrated means it is measured in mm

Question 19

what is a bleeding index

Answer 19

a method of scoring the amount of gingival bleeding present
0 - no inflammation
1- mild inflammation
2 - moderate inflammation
3 - severe inflammation

Question 20

does healthy gingiva bleed

Answer 20

no

Question 21

if probing depth of less than 4 mm is noted with bleeding, this is a sign of periodontitis or gingivitis

Answer 21

it is a sign of gingivitis

Question 22

what does occlusal trauma contribute to

Answer 22

tooth mobility
destruction of bone
migration of teeth
tmj pain

Question 23

how many areas are measured around a tooth during probing

Answer 23

6
- DB, B, MB, DL, L, ML

Question 24

what is a pocket marker used for

Answer 24

used to make a perforation to make bleeding points as incision marks on gingiva

Question 25

what is the difference between a scaler and a curette

Answer 25

scalers remove supragingival calculus while curettes remove subgingival calculus

Question 26

can a scaler be used subgingivally? why?

Answer 26

scalers have pointed ends which can damage the gingiva

Question 27

what is the difference between subgingival anf supragingival

Answer 27

subgingival is below gingiva supragingival is above the gingiva

Question 28

what is a periodontal flap procedure

Answer 28

a surgery that pushes tissues away from underlying tooth root and and bone to allow for scaling, root planing

Question 29

what is a guided tissue regeneration

Answer 29

can be done to stimulate growth of new bone to increase height of bone around tooth

Question 30

what is the periosteal elevator used for

Answer 30

to retract the periosteum from the surface of the bone, and detach the gingival tissues from around the cervix of tooth

Question 31

which type of periodontal dressing dissolves after 24-48 hours

Answer 31

gelatin based dressings

Question 32

what is an osteoplasty

Answer 32

surgery where bone is added, contoured and reshapedfur

Question 33

furcation involvement is what type of condition

Answer 33

a condition of bone loss where roots join on a multy rooted tooth and are exposedw

Question 34

which type of medication causes gingival hyperplasia

Answer 34

dilantin (anti-epileptic, anti-seizure medication)

Question 35

what is a gingival cleft

Answer 35

an elongated opening that extends towards the root of the tooth

Question 36

what is ANUG/NUG

Answer 36

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis it is a perio condition characterized by inflamed gums, metallic taste, bad breath and pain - due to stress, smoking, inadequate diet, poor oral hygiene

Question 37

what type of infection is an ANUG

Answer 37

it is a progressive bacterial infection

Question 38

what is used to treat ANUG

Answer 38

tetracycline

Question 39

what is dehiscence

Answer 39

it is a fissural defect that results in incomplete coverage of the root by bonew

Question 40

what is the kirkland knife used for

Answer 40

double ended kidney shaped knuife used in perio surgery

Question 41

what is the orban knife

Answer 41

a knife with cutting edges on both sides of blade used to remove tissue from interdental spaces

Question 42

which type of curettes can be used anywhere in the mouth

Answer 42

universal curettes

Question 43

which type of curettes are area specific

Answer 43

gracey curettes

Question 44

which area specific curettes are used for the anterior segment only

Answer 44

1/2, 3/4, 5/6

Question 45

which area specific curettes are used for posterior segment only

Answer 45

7/8, 9/10, 11/12, 13/14

Question 46

what are the different classes of mobility

Answer 46

0 - normal 1 - slight mobility 2 - moderate mobility 3 - extreme mobility

Question 47

why are vertical bitewings preferred in periodontics

Answer 47

excellent for determining the extent of crestal bone loss

Question 48

which type of instrument is used to provide the dentist with tactile information

Answer 48

periodontal explorers

Question 49

which type of periodontal dressings can cause redness and burning

Answer 49

zinc oxide eugenol dressing

Question 50

what is the ultrasonic scaler

Answer 50

an instrument that provides rapid calculus removal from rapid vibrations

Question 51

what must be used to minimize aerosols that are generated by the ultrasonic scaler

Answer 51

HVE

Question 52

what is the sugarman file used for

Answer 52

used to crush or fracture extremely heavy calculus

Question 53

what is the back action chisel used for

Answer 53

removes and recontours the bone

Question 54

what is the ochsesenbein chisel used for

Answer 54

used to reshape the bone

Question 55

what is crown lengthening

Answer 55

a surgical procedure designed to expose more tooth structure for placement of a restoration

Question 56

what is root planning

Answer 56

procedure that smooths the surface of a root by removing cementum or dentin

Question 57

which instruments can be used for root plannin

Answer 57

curettes (universal or gracey)

Question 58

what is the sickle scaler used for

Answer 58

used to remove tenacious supragingival deposits of calculus

Question 59

does occlusal trauma cause periodontal pocket formation

Answer 59

no

Question 60

what are the types of probes

Answer 60

periodontal probes furcation probes

Question 61

what are the types of periodontal explorers

Answer 61

furcation and perio

Question 62

what are the types of scalers and files

Answer 62

sickle scaler contra-angle sickle scaler chisel scaler hoe scaler sugarman file

Question 63

indications for used of ultrasonic scaler

Answer 63

-removal of supragingival calculus and stains - subgingival calculus, plaque, endotoxins in root surface - cleaning furcation areas - removal of deposits before perio surgery - removal of cements or debonding - removal of overhanging in restorations

Question 64

contraindications for use of ultrasonic scaler

Answer 64

- communicable disease - patients susceptible infections - respiratory problems - swallowing difficulty - cardiac pacemaker - demineralized areas - exposed dentinal surfaces - restorative materials - titanium implant abutmants - narrow perio pockets