oral surgery and implants Flashcards
what is the difference between restorative and surgical bur
a restorative bur is smaller and not as long as surgical burs
what are the different types of absorbable sutures
plain catgut - provides fastest healing
chromic catgut - slower healing process to allow internal tissues to heal first
polyglactin (vicryl) - synthetic
what are the different types of nonabsorbable sutures
silk - strength
polyester fiber
nylon - strength and elasticity
how long are nonabsorbable sutures left in place
5-7 days
what are the three different types of biopsies
incisional - surgeon removes tissue from lesion thats is larger than 1 cm in all dimensions
exisional - removal of entire lesion plus adjacent tissue
oral brush - brush is pressed and rotated against the lesion
which biopsy procedure requires the dentist to remove a smell wedge of the lesion
incisional
which biopsy requires the dentist to remove the entire lesion and some normal tissue
excisional
after a surgical procedure, how long does a pressure pack stay in the mouth for
30 -45 minutes
what could happen if the pressure pack was taken off too early
it could dislodge the blood clot and create a dry socket
are polyglycolic acid sutures absorbable or nonabsorbable
absorbable
how lond dies it take for osseointegration to occur
a period of 3-6 months
what is alveolitis (dry socket) and when does it occur
alveolitis is pain and inflammation resulting from exposed bone from dislodging a blood clot after a tooth extraction
if an oral surgeon is working and needs to remove tissue or clamp off a blood vessel, what instrument could they use to accomplosh this
a hemostat
which type of absorbable suture provides the fastest healing
plain catgut
which type of absorbable suture provides the slowest healing
chromic catgut
what is the recommended time for placement of an ice pack
20 minutes on 20 minutes off
what is a mouth prop and what side would this be placed on during a procedure
mouth prop holds the jaw open and is placed on the opposite of working side
patients are often asked to avoid foods and beverages before a surgical procedure, why?
it can lead to choking due to antesthesia rendering the bodies ability of control
what are the components of an endosteal implant
titanium implant
abutment screw
abutment post
what does the abutment post do
attaches the artificial tooth
how many surgeries are required for the placement of an endosteal implant?
2 surgeries are required
- implant is placed in the first
- implant fixture is exposed and prosthesis is exposed in the second
when are sterile gauze packs used
sterile gauze packs are used for surgical procedures
describe the components of a scalpel, including the full name of the handle
bard parker scalpel holder and scalpel blade
when would a transosteal implant be used
used for patients with severly resorbed ridges
what are mini-dental implants and when would they be used
used for fixation of materials and for retention
- full or partial dentures
- crowns in small spaces
- ortho procedures
which biopsy requires the dentist to scrape the cells of the lesion
oral brush
when would a subperiosteal implant be used
used for patients with insufficient alveolar ridge
what is hydroxyapatite and why is this placed on an implant
hydroxyapatite is a ceramic substance that osseointegrates the implant to the bone
what is the purpose of a healing cap
prevents growth of gingiva over the implant
what is the difference between a restorative aspirator tip and a surgical aspirator tip
the surgical aspirator tip is more narrow
what is a rongeur used for
a rongeur is used to cut and trim the alveolar bone
if a rongeur is used, the nect instrument to be used would be what? why?
a bone file would be used next to smoothen the rough edges left by the rongeurw
what are the post op homecare instructions for surgical procedures
- keep pack in place for 30-45 mins
- do not disturb blood clot
- restrict strenuous work or physical activity
- first 24 hours, place cold pack on and off for 20 min intervals
- after 24 hours, place external heat
- rinse oral cavity with saline solution
- eat soft foods until comfortable eating solids
- return after 5-7 days if nonabsorabable sutures are placed
surgical handwashing must take how many minutes
7-14 minutes
what is an alveoplasty and when would this be done
surgical reshaping and smoothing of the ridges of alveolar ridge
- it would be done after performance of multiple extractions
what instrument would be used for alveoplasty
- rongeur
- curettes
- bone file
- scalpel
what does the term universal imply when using forceps
it means it can be used either on the left side or right
what is meant by term luxation
to extract
what is the difference betweent a hemostat and needle holder
a hemostat holds materials and clamps down blood vessels, a needle holder is used to hold needles during sutures
what is the difference between a surgical scissor and a suture scissor
surgical scissors are used to cut soft tissue, while suture scissors are designed to cut only suture material
what is the periosteal elevator used for
used to separate and retract the periosteum from surface of bone and detach gingival tissues from cervix of tooth
what are root tip picks used for
used to remove root tips or fragments during extraction
what is a straight elevator used for
applies leverage on tooth to loosen from periodontal ligaments
what is the surgical curette used for
used to scrape interior of the socket to remove diseased tissue or abscesses
what is a surgical mallet used for
used to remove or reshape bone
what is the difference between a soft tissue impaction and a hard tissue impaction
soft tissue impaction is when the tooth is located under gingival tissue
hard tissue impaction is when the tooth is partially or totally covered by tissue and bone
what type of gloves are worn when performing surgical procedures
steril surgical gloves
explain the process of donning sterile gloves
- glove package should already be open
- glove dominant hand first
- pull glove over hand, touching only the cuff
- slide fingers under cuff of other hand
- pull glove over other hand
- unroll cuff
what is the difference between malignant and benin
malignant is cancerous, benign is non cancerous
what kind of water is required for use if the surgeon is using a handpiece
sterile saline solution
what are the type of radiographs and images that will be need for an implant procedure
periapical
panoramic
cephalometric
tomographic
what is a stent and what does it do
a clear acrylic template placed over the alveolar ridge to guide for drilling and placement of implant
why is titanium the metal of choice for implants
compatible with bone
why is written informed consent required for an implant procedure
because an implant procedure is more invasive compared to others and to protect the dentist and assistants
what does the dentist evaluate during the dental implant examination
patients ability to cooperate during complex procedure and outlook on patient
condition of teeth, soft tissues, areas. of attached and unattached tissue and height and width of alveolar bone ridge
