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DSSE > Endodontics > Flashcards

Endodontics Flashcards

final

1
Q

what is a subjective examination

A

an examination that includes evaluation of symptoms or problems described by the patient
- chief complaint
- character and duration of pain
- painful stimuli
- sensitivity to biting and pressure

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2
Q

what is an objective examination

A

an examination made by endodontist who evaluates the status of the tooth and surrounding tissues
- extent of decay
- periodontal conditions surrounding tooth
- presence of extensive resto
- tooth mobility
- swelling or discolouration
- pulp exposure

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3
Q

what is a percussion test

A

dentist taps the incisal or occlusal surface of the tooth with end of mouth mirror handle and is held parallel to the long axis of tooth

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4
Q

what is a palpation test

A

dentist applies firm pressure to the mucosa above the apex of the root to notice any sensitivity or swelling

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5
Q

what is a control tooth and why is it used

A

a healthy tooth used to compare questionable teeth of similar size and structure during pulp vitality testing

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6
Q

what type of radiograph is needed in endodontics

A

good quality radiographs

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of pulpal nerve damage

A
  1. pain when occluding
  2. pain during mastication
  3. sensitivity to hot or cold beverages
  4. noticeable facial swelling
  5. fever
  6. tenderness of the surrounding gums
  7. crack or discoloured teeth
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8
Q

what is a chief complaint

A

description of symptoms, problems, conditions by patient

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9
Q

what is reversible pulpitis

A

occurs when the pulp is irritated and the patient is experiencing pain to thermal stimuli
- eliminating irritant and placing sedative material may save the pulp

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10
Q

what is irreversible pulpitis

A

displays symptoms of lingering pain
- root canal therapy and extraction is only treatment option

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11
Q

what kind of bur would be used in the initial entry of a tooth for a root canal procedure

A

round bur or inverted cone

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12
Q

what are k-type files used for

A

for initial entry and cleaning of the canal

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13
Q

what is a Hedstrom file used for

A

used for final enlargement of canal and provides greater cutting efficiency

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14
Q

what is a Reamer filed used for

A

removes dentin structures and smooths and increases size of canal

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15
Q

what is a broach and when is it used

A

a thin, flexible, tapered metal hand instrument with projections
- removes vital, inflamed hemorrhagic pulp tissue from the canal

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16
Q

what is biochemical cleaning

A

an irrigation solution that acts as a disinfectant to destroy bacteria in the canal and to wash away debris

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17
Q

what is electric pulp testin and how does it work

A

a test used in endo diagnosis to determine whether a pulp is vital or nonvital
- delivers small electrical stimulus to pulp

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18
Q

how is a heat test performed

A

small pea-sized piece of gutta percha is heated or end of an instrument, and placed on facial surface of teeth

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19
Q

what is a direct pulp cap

A

a procedure that is indicated when the pulp has been partially exposed
- calcium hydroxide is placed

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20
Q

what is an indirect pulp cap

A

a temporary procedure where most of the carious dentin in deep cavity is not removed
- liner or temp resto is placed and cavity is reopened after a period of time and remaining carious dentin is removed

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21
Q

describe the procedural steps in electric pulp vitality testing

A
  1. describe procedure to pt, and explain they may feel tingling or warmth
  2. identify teeth to be tested, isolated and dried
  3. set the dial at zero
  4. place thin layer of toothpaste on tip of tester
  5. test control tooth first and place tip on cervical third of facial surface
  6. gradually increase level of current until it is felt, and document level
  7. repeat procedure on suspect tooth
  8. document
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22
Q

what is a gates glidden bur used for

A

to enlarge the walls of the pulp chamber

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23
Q

what is a pesso file

A

used when tooth requires a post prep

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24
Q

how would you know the difference between the pesso file and gates glidden bur

A

the pesso file is used to elongate the canal opening, the gates glidden bur is used to enlarge the walls
- gates glidden bur is smaller

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25
Q

what does a rubber stop prevent

A

prevents perforation (going past apex)

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26
Q

what are paper points and how are they used

A

paper points are sterile absorbent pieces of paper rolled into narrow poinrs
- held with locking pliers and inserted into canal to absorb irrigation solution

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27
Q

can air be blown into the canal? why?

A

no, because it will put bacteria and debris into the blood stream and tooth

28
Q

what is the chemical commonly known as household bleach

A

sodium hypochlorite

29
Q

what is parachlorophenol used for

A

it is an antibacterial agent used to prevent infections in root canals

30
Q

what is the name of the solution used as an intracanal medicament for pulpotomies on primary teeth

A

calcium hydroxide

31
Q

what is a fistula

A

canal

32
Q

what does obturation refer to

A

the process of filling a root canal

33
Q

what is debridement

A

to remove or clean out the pulpal canal

34
Q

for anterior tooth, access to the canal for an endo procedure would be through which surface

A

lingual surface

35
Q

for posterior tooth, access to the canal for an endo procedure would be through which surface

A

occlusal surface

36
Q

what is a trial point cone

A

an appropriately sized gutta-percha point that is cut to a predetermined length used to obturate the pulpal canal

37
Q

what is a master cone

A

trial point that is now being used for permanent placement

38
Q

what is the lentulo spiral instrument used for

A

used to properly distribute root canal sealer and cement evenly throughout the root canal

39
Q

what is gutta percha and what is it used for

A

material taken from a palaquium gutta tree that is used to obturate the pulpal canal

40
Q

what is the estimated working length and reference point

A

estimated working length
- knowing the length of the completed canal prep and root canal filling

reference point
- measuring from the highest point on the incisal or occlusal surface to determine length of canal

41
Q

what is a glick number 1 used for

A

used for placement of temporary restorations and removal of excess gutta percha

42
Q

what does the endodontic spoon excavator do

A

removes coronal pulp tissue

43
Q

what are pluggers

A

has a flat tip, used to condense

44
Q

what is a lentulo spiral

A

spins root canal sealer in canal

45
Q

what is an endodontic explorer

A

used in locating the canals

46
Q

what is a spreader and what does it do

A

has a pointed tip and is used to apply lateral pressure during condensation

47
Q

what is a pesso file used for

A

used in preparation for a post

47
Q

what is a barbed broach and what does it do

A

has fish like hook projections that removes vital, hemorrhagic pulp tissue from the canal

48
Q

what do the gates-glidden burs do

A

used to enlarge the walls of the pulp chamber

49
Q

what does the electronic apex locator do

A

used to prevent perforation of the apex

50
Q

what is a retrograde restoration

A

done when the apical seal is not adequate
- a small filling prep is made at the apex and is sealed with filling materials

51
Q

what is an apicoectomy

A

surgical removal of the apical portion of root

52
Q

what must be done to the master cone tip before it is placed permanently into the canal

A

must be coated with a sealerw

53
Q

what is the difference between hemisection and a root amputation

A

hemisection - procedure where the root and crown and are cut lengthwise (usually for mand)

root amputation - used to remove on or more roots without removing the crown

54
Q

what are the 5 types of radiographs used for endodontic treatment

A

initial radiograph - taken during diagnostic stages before treatment

working length time - taken once the pulp has been opened and is used to determine the length og the canal

final instrumentation image - taken with the final size files in all canals receiving treatment

root canal completion image - taken of the completed canal filled after the toth has been temporized and the dental dam removed

recall image - radiographic image is taken at post-treatment evaluations

55
Q

what is pulpitis

A

indicates that pulpal tissue have become inflamed

56
Q

what is a periradicular abscess

A

an inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection

57
Q

acute periradicular abscess

A

an inflammatory response with pain, tenderness of the tooth to pressure, pus and swelling of the tissue from necrosis

58
Q

periodontal abscess

A

an inflammatory reaction that is frequently cause by bacteria entrapped in the perio sulcus

59
Q

periradicular cyst

A

develops at or near the root of a necrotic tooth, an inflammatry response to pulpal infection and necrosis of the pulp

60
Q

pulp fibrosis

A

decrease of living cells within the pulp, causing fibrous tissue to take over the pulpal canal

61
Q

necrosis

A

used to describe a tooth that does not respond to a sensory stimulus

62
Q

perforation

A

making a hole beyond the apex of tooth

63
Q

what are the 4 typs of irrigation solutions that can be used

A

sodium hypochlorite - antimicrobial and solvent on necrotic pulp

edta - removal of inorganic portion of smear layer and dentin debris

chlorhexidine - antibacterial with lower cytotoxicity and no foul smell or taste

hydrogen peroxide - colourless liquid with disinfectant and bleaching properties

64
Q
A

DSSE (5 decks)

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