Periodontal Tissues In Health Flashcards
What is the peridontium?
The supporting apparatus of the tooth
What does the periodontium consist of?
Gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum
What are the clinical features of healthy gingiva?
Pink, stippled, knife-edged margin, scalloped profile
What is the function of gingiva?
Provides attachment between oral mucous membranes and the dental hard tissues
Protects the underlying periodontal tissues from invasion by bacteria
What makes up the gingival epithelium?
Junctional epithelium, sulcular (crevicular) epithelium, oral gingival epithtelium
What does the Junctional epithelium do?
Forms attachment of the gingiva to the tooth surface by means of hemi-desmosomes and internal basal lamina
What is the crevicular epithelium?
Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium
Lines the gingival crevice but is not attached to the tooth surface
What is the oral gingival epithelium?
Stratified squamous, keratinised epithelium
What 4 things is the gingival connective issue composed of?
Collagen fibres embedded in an extra cellular matrix, fibroblasts, blood vessels and nerve cells
What do fibroblasts secrete?
The extracellular matrix including collagen fibres and MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases)
What does the alveolar bone proper consist of?
A thin lamella of bone that surrounds the root of the tooth
What does the alveolar bone proper do?
Gives attachment to the principal fibres of the periodontal ligament
What is cancellous bone?
It is a spongy bone consisting of widely spaced concentric or transverse lamella enclosing the marrow spaces
What does cancellous bone do?
It surrounds the alveolar bone proper an gives support to the socket
What cell is involved with bone resorption?
Osteoclasts
What cells are involved in bone deposition?
Osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells
What is cementum?
Calcified mesenchymal tissue that covers the entire root surface
Name the two types of cementum.
Acellular and cellular
Which type of cementum contains cementocytes?
Cellular cementum
What does unhealthy gingiva look like?
Red, swollen, loss of stippling, bleeding on brushing
What is gingivitis?
Inflammation of the gingival tissues due to the build up of plaque, it is totally reversible
How do you treat gingivitis?
Patient education and motivation, OHI, removal of plaque and plaque-retentive factors
Name 5 things that be used for interdental cleaning.
Dental floss, dena tape, interdental sticks, interdental brushes, single-tufted brush
What are some plaque-retentive factors?
Calculus, poor restoration margins, tooth position/angulation, developmental anomalies/grooves, dentures, orthodontic appliances, xerostomia
